3 10 293 https://olive-civet.lnx.warwick.ac.uk/files/original/ce70b5522dfd57a8a39bef17a6a2e193.jpg 10f081544de986e30863571142911cfc Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Source: The National Archives Person (Campaigner) A record of a person related to the Mapping Women's Suffrage project Occupation None given Age The age of this person at the time of the 1911 UK Census 53 Marital Status The marital status of this person at the time of the 1911 UK Census Single Address The address of this person at the time of the 1911 UK Census Red House, Muster Green, Haywards Heath, Sussex. Suffrage Society The suffrage society this person was affiliated with at the time of the 1911 UK Census NUWSS Census This person's response to the 1911 UK Census Complies Biographical Text Mary Spooner was the second of ten children of an interesting family. A sister, Kate Lee, a founder member of the English Folk Song Society, recorded the Sussex folk singing family, the Coppers, as early as the 1890s. Mary first came to notice as a suffrage campaigner in Sussex in 1909 with ‘an eloquent speech’ at the Cuckfield Debating Society. This had been formed earlier that year with, on its committee, Edith Bevan and Edith Payne, who shortly afterwards founded the Cuckfield Women’s Suffrage Society. Mary was a practised and accomplished speaker: as secretary of the Southern Section of Women’s Co-operative Guilds, she had spent almost 20 years addressing meetings in London and the South-East that resulted in the formation of local branches of the WCG. Mary had subscribed to both the London Women’s Suffrage Society and the Women’s Freedom League (WFL) but having taken up residence in Haywards Heath with her mother and sister Edith, she contributed her skills to the fledgling Cuckfield Women’s Suffrage Society, launching its series of monthly ‘At Homes’ in Cuckfield’s Queen’s Hall with ‘a capital address’. In early 1910 she chaired a meeting at the Co-op Hall in Haywards Heath to form a Haywards Heath NUWSS branch, becoming its secretary then chair. Also, in 1910, Mary succeeded the Dowager Countess of Chichester as the only woman on the Haywards Heath Board of Council School Managers, and, despite, as she said ‘being a comparative stranger in the Parish’, joined Edith Payne on the Haywards Heath Board of Poor Law Guardians replacing the only other woman Guardian who was resigning. Throughout 1910 and 1911 Mary continued to speak at meetings to do with forming local NUWSS branches. At Horsted Keynes she spoke on one occasion with Louisa Martindale and Marie and Charles Corbett; and on a second with Brighton’s Flora de Gaudrion Merrifield. With the Surrey, Sussex and Hamps NUWSS Federation organiser, Barbara Duncan, she held a successful meeting to form a Burgess Hill branch and spoke at Lindfield with Lady Betty Balfour in the hope of establishing a branch there. With Rose Chute Ellis, she addressed the first public women’s suffrage meeting in Danehill. On Monday 21 July 1913, Mary was among supporters waiting at Muster Green, Haywards Heath, to join the Suffrage Pilgrims marching up from Burgess Hill to Cuckfield, and she set off with them from Cuckfield the following morning. She was at the Hyde Park rally at the end of that week with Edith Bevan, Edith Payne, Rose Chute Ellis, Susan Armitage, Flora de Gaudrion Merrifield, and Alys Russell. During the War, Mary continued to demonstrate her abilities as an organiser. She and Kate Miller, whose husband Douglas had photographed the Suffrage Pilgrims, were Haywards Heath contacts for the NUWSS appeal for women forage workers. Mary worked with Rose Chute Ellis and others to inaugurate the Cuckfield Children’s Welfare Society, an Infant Welfare Centre and a Haywards Heath Council of Social Welfare and she chaired the committee of the Haywards Heath War Work Guild. Sources: Queen Co-operative News, Woman’s Signal London, Home Counties local weekly newspapers, Women’s Franchise, Common Cause, Mid Sussex Times, West Sussex County Times, Bognor Regis Observer, Kent, and Sussex Courier. Contributed by independent researcher & writer Frances Stenlake. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mary Spooner Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant ||||osm POINT(-12109.779484769779 6621311.233790915) NUWSS https://olive-civet.lnx.warwick.ac.uk/files/original/dd1f22018c1f586f74f53eb1673d1507.jpg d8803bfd708796634315681034af6410 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource View of Slaithwaite from Manchester Road by Florence Lockwood, circa 1922. Courtesy Kirklees Museums & Galleries. https://olive-civet.lnx.warwick.ac.uk/files/original/c096fc10657d33b31e8f47627be36786.jpg c6d537495ffef6418382e713497c85f9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Florence Lockwood 1911 census. Courtesy The National Archives. https://olive-civet.lnx.warwick.ac.uk/files/original/04b9b068d6ee989fc50154576e82b3d3.jpg fa7182c96c4e5163846616ad0ef959c2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource View from Milnsbridge looking towards Longwood and Golcar by Florence Lockwood, circa 1922. Courtesy of Kirklees Museums & Galleries. https://olive-civet.lnx.warwick.ac.uk/files/original/03d17c44e64356e110638932738c67dc.jpg 93d446dd32820fd04a50743343a32ff9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Huddersfield NUWSS branch banner designed by Florence Lockwood and completed in 1911. Courtesy Tolson Museum; Kirklees Museums & Galleries and West Yorkshire Archive Services. https://olive-civet.lnx.warwick.ac.uk/files/original/d458bdf4e9745d2a5a7afa6d769d5537.jpg 1eaa266293036d6ed00ff03729605d82 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Photo of Florence Lockwood's diary. Courtesy of West Yorkshire Archives Service & Kirklees Museums & Galleries. Person (Campaigner) A record of a person related to the Mapping Women's Suffrage project Occupation Artist Age The age of this person at the time of the 1911 UK Census 49 Marital Status The marital status of this person at the time of the 1911 UK Census Married Address The address of this person at the time of the 1911 UK Census Black Rock House, Linthwaite, Huddersfield, Yorkshire Suffrage Society The suffrage society this person was affiliated with at the time of the 1911 UK Census NUWSS Census This person's response to the 1911 UK Census Complies Biographical Text Florence Lockwood was born in 1861 in Devonport, Devon. She spent most of her childhood in Portsmouth, living with her parents and five siblings. Her father was a naval doctor, and she had a comfortable middle-class upbringing. In 1887, Lockwood moved to London to study at the prestigious Slade Art School. She then spent several years travelling in Europe, before returning to live alone in London, to make a modest career as an artist although no occupation is given on her census return for 1911. She retained her gift for sketching and painting throughout her life. In 1902 she married Josiah Lockwood, a woollen manufacturer, and moved to Black Rock House in Linthwaite, a village in the Colne Valley, in the West Riding of Yorkshire. The couple never had any children. She came to political activism quite late, in her mid-40s, but embraced it whole-heartedly. She first became involved in public political work in around 1907, and for the next fifteen years she was a significant figure in local politics. She was originally converted to the suffrage cause after hearing Emmeline Pankhurst of the Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU) speak at the 1907 Colne Valley by-election. Lockwood became President of the Huddersfield Branch of the National Union of Women’s Suffrage Societies (NUWSS) and served on the executive of the Huddersfield branch of its successor organisation, the National Union of Societies for Equal Citizenship (NUSEC). Her suffrage activism included writing pamphlets, writing letters to local newspapers, attending, and speaking at meetings, distributing leaflets on walking tours, and personally persuading other women to take up the cause. She encouraged her maid, Minnie (who was also living at Black Rock House in 1911) to take an interest in politics. Using her artistic talents, she designed and embroidered the NUWSS branch’s ‘Votes for Women’ suffrage banner which depicted the Colne Valley. The banner was completed in 1911 and is now held in Huddersfield’s Tolson Museum. In 1913, she attended the International Woman Suffrage Alliance congress in Budapest. She was also involved in local politics more broadly. She was President of Colne Valley Women’s Liberal Association, served on the Huddersfield Liberal Executive, and worked as a Poor Law Guardian and a School Director. During the First World War, her beliefs changed, and she became an ardent pacifist, rejected liberalism, and converted to socialism. She attended Women’s International League meetings and was on the executive of the Huddersfield branch of the Union of Democratic Control. She had retired from political work by around 1921. When Josiah died in 1924, she moved to London, where she died in 1937. She kept a diary throughout her life, and the diaries for 1914-1920 survive at West Yorkshire Archives and Leeds University Archives. In 1932, she privately published her autobiography, An Ordinary Life. Sources: Manuscripts and Archives Huddersfield, West Yorkshire Archive Service KC909/1, F. Lockwood, ‘Autobiography of Florence Lockwood’ (unpublished typescript, 1905-1911). KC329/1, F. Lockwood, War Diary and Notes (manuscript, 1914-1915). KC329/2, F. Lockwood, War Diary and Notes (manuscript, 1916-1918). KC909/2, F. Lockwood, War Diary and Notes (manuscript, 1918-1920). Leeds, Leeds University Liddle Collection LIDDLE/WWI/DF/077, F. Lockwood, War Diary and Notes (manuscript, 1915-1916). Printed Leeds, Leeds University Liddle Collection LIDDLE/WWI/CO/056, F. Lockwood, Printed Diary Extracts (privately printed for small circulation, 1921). Lockwood, F., An Ordinary Life, 1861-1924 (Loughborough, 1932). Lockwood, F., The Enfranchisement of Women (Slaithwaite, undated). 'Obituary: Mrs. Lockwood', The Yorkshire Post, 31 March 1937, p.5. Secondary Sources Liddington, J., Rebel Girls: Their Fight for the Vote (London, 2006). Liddington, J., The long road to Greenham: feminism and anti-militarism in Britain since 1820 (London, 1989). Online Sources Kirklees Museums and Galleries, 'Huddersfield's Suffragist Banner', https://womenssuffrageinkirklees.blogspot.com/p/huddersfields-suffragist-banner.html. Contributed by Hannah Speed, PhD candidate, Glasgow University. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Florence Lockwood Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant ||||osm POINT(-206627.5652385154 7098822.424247456) NUWSS https://olive-civet.lnx.warwick.ac.uk/files/original/b551bc9fe20323dad0a076a291817ed1.jpg 932b9a2355725fdb27050ed67da318a4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The Cry of the Children. C. Hedley Charlton. Circa 1908. Courtesy The Women's Library, LSE. https://olive-civet.lnx.warwick.ac.uk/files/original/57f5e7340f7136c7163801a6fc1fdd99.jpg 38fba129b92e1c8988f08e670efe1e49 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Greetings from the Alps. C. Hedley Charlton. Circa 1908/9. Courtesy The Women's Library, LSE. https://olive-civet.lnx.warwick.ac.uk/files/original/fce42e85791e933e9a7803aa4f2502a9.jpg dd4c13b7c903def2e804085a16e53808 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Charlotte's 1911 census record. Courtesy: The National Archives. Person (Campaigner) A record of a person related to the Mapping Women's Suffrage project Occupation Artist Age The age of this person at the time of the 1911 UK Census 44 Marital Status The marital status of this person at the time of the 1911 UK Census Single Address The address of this person at the time of the 1911 UK Census 103 Hampstead Way, London Suffrage Society The suffrage society this person was affiliated with at the time of the 1911 UK Census ASL & NUWSS Census This person's response to the 1911 UK Census Complies Biographical Text Charlotte Charlton (sometimes known as Charlotte Hedley-Charlton) was born in 1866 and had seven siblings. Her mother and father, who was a coal merchant, were evidently prosperous in Charlotte’s younger years employing a governess and three servants. However, by the mid-1870s they had fallen on harder times and her father’s business was declared bankrupt. Consequently, it was important Charlotte found work and by 1891 she was teaching art at a boarding school in Saltburn, north Yorkshire. She later moved to London where between 1898-1910 she lived with suffragette Ethel Layton who in 1911 appeared in court with Marion Dunlop Wallace, for breaking two panes of glass at the Home Office. In 1911, Charlotte was lodging at 103 Hampstead Way and did not take part in the census boycott. She described herself as an ‘artist illustrator etc…magazines…etc…’ It was likely for career purposes that she signed her artwork ‘C. Hedley Charlton’ (Hedley being her father’s middle name) obscuring her gender and thus making her work more palatable to commissioning editors who were invariably men. By then, she was already a member and artist for the Artists Suffrage League formed in 1907, closely aligned with the law abiding NUWSS. Charlotte contributed to several jointly produced suffrage art works including illustrations for Cicely Hamilton’s ‘Beware! A Warning to Young Suffragists’ published in 1908 and the 'ABC of Politics for Women Politicians’ in 1909. She also produced individual post card designs for the ASL during these years including ‘The Cry of the Children’ and ‘I Pray for all Grown Ups’ available to view at The Women’s Library, LSE, London. The ASL archive there also holds several draft sketches for postcards designed by Charlotte. Whether she produced further suffrage designs for the ASL after 1909 is uncertain but she continued to independently advertise suffrage cards and calendars in the NUWSS newspaper The Common Cause. One design she submitted to the NUWSS during the First World War was considered too ‘wicked’ by them. In it three children are peering over a wall with the message: ‘When I an big I’ll buy a gun, And so will Babs & Sue. We’ll dead those Germans…every one…We’ll dead the Kaiser too’. Charlotte spent her last years living in Brighton close to one of her sisters. She died in 1945. Sources: Thanks to Elizabeth Crawford ‘Art & Suffrage: A Biographical Dictionary of Suffrage Artists’ (2018); The Women’s Library, LSE, London (ASL collection); The National Archives. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Charlotte Charlton Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant ||||osm POINT(-21214.489315993444 6724088.177401561) NUWSS Person (Campaigner) A record of a person related to the Mapping Women's Suffrage project Occupation No paid occupation Age The age of this person at the time of the 1911 UK Census 54 Marital Status The marital status of this person at the time of the 1911 UK Census Widow Address The address of this person at the time of the 1911 UK Census Chestnut Cottage, Hight Street, Wendover, Buckinghamshire Suffrage Society The suffrage society this person was affiliated with at the time of the 1911 UK Census WFL Census This person's response to the 1911 UK Census Evades Biographical Text Florence Gertrude Hamilton (nee MacKenzie) had been born in Ireland in 1856 but with a father in the army the family moved around, and it was eventually in London that she met and married her husband in 1881. One child, Esme, was born to them in 1884 while they were in York but her husband’s job in the post office that meant he had different postings and by the 1890s they were based in Transvaal where William was Postmaster General. When he died in 1902, Gertrude seems to have changed her life quite radically. Based in Wendover from 1903 she gradually became involved in local charity work, and this may have drawn her into the society of women interested in the suffrage movement. She and her single sister, Maud, to whom she was very close, were contributing to Women’s Freedom League (WFL) ‘The Vote’ £50,000 Fund by 1908; Maud became secretary of an informal branch of the NUWSS; and they were both participating in the Church League for Women's Suffrage. By 1910 Chestnut Cottage where she lived was the centre of operations for organising meetings especially during the time Muriel Matters and her caravan were in the area campaigning for the WFL. By 1911 Florence had joined the Tax Resistance movement and four days after the census, which she seems to have evaded, her goods were distrained, and this also happened the following year. It was around this time that she became close friends with Muriel Matters who was later to write her obituary in The Vote. Florence seems to have left Buckinghamshire in 1912 moving back to her house in London, and then spending a few years in Findon, Sussex, where she and her sister established the Women's Village Council. To encourage women to influence the design of houses built by local authorities (so called state aided) it used the motto, later adopted by the Women’s Institute, ‘Till we have built Jerusalem in England’s Green and Pleasant Land’. From 1917 onwards her time was spent in promoting this organisation locally and then nationally, and then linking herself to the National Housing and Town Planning Society where she became the only woman on the Executive. In this role she was able to give support to the Australian author Miles Franklin who was working for the NHTPC. For Florence, campaigning for women's suffrage was very much linked to encouraging women’s active involvement as citizens. When she died in 1932, she was buried in Brompton Cemetery where the inscription on her grave reads: 'Our citizenship is in heaven'. Sources: 'Burning to Get the Vote: the women's suffrage movement in central Buckinghamshire, 1904 - 1914' by Colin Cartwright; A range of local, national and suffragist newspapers including: 'Women's Village Councils by Maud R. R. MacKenzie in, The Church Militant, April 1918; 'The Village Council of Women: their contribution to housing reform' in The Manchester Guardian, Mar 11, 1919; 'Women's Village Councils' by G. Home in The Vote 24 Nov, 1922; 'Women's Village Councils Federation for State-Aided Housing and Rural Problems' by Mrs Hamilton, The Common Cause, July 19, 1918. Contributed by Lynne Dixon, local and women’s history researcher. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Florence Hamilton Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant ||||osm POINT(-82674.42545236766 6757310.730774507) WFL https://olive-civet.lnx.warwick.ac.uk/files/original/6746c98a9ccd77b244735eb8fe746b18.JPG 2c70b6e0e40a6122f90a623cfaceb7d9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Edith (standing) circa 1907. Likely taken in South Africa during her Salvation Army days. Source: courtesy of The Women's Library (LSE) https://olive-civet.lnx.warwick.ac.uk/files/original/aa50a42218533314630fafc8dcdf5302.jpg b59746e1d28ee6580e2f3193bb1f9af9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Edith (left) in her WVP uniform with Constance Antonia 'Nina' Boyle. Source: courtesy Women's Library (LSE). Person (Campaigner) A record of a person related to the Mapping Women's Suffrage project Occupation Journalist Age The age of this person at the time of the 1911 UK Census 23 Marital Status The marital status of this person at the time of the 1911 UK Census Single Address The address of this person at the time of the 1911 UK Census 185 King’s Road, Camden Town (now St Pancras Way) London. Suffrage Society The suffrage society this person was affiliated with at the time of the 1911 UK Census WFL Census This person's response to the 1911 UK Census Evades (absent abroad see biog) Biographical Text Edith Mary Watson (nee Wall) was born in 1888. To say that Edith did not have a good start in life is no exaggeration. She was born in the Hackney Union Workhouse the illegitimate daughter of Martha Wall, a domestic servant and single mother. Edith led an impressive life by any standards, becoming the first policewoman to wear a uniform, a campaigning journalist, a captain in the Salvation Army, a suffragist, Secretary of a pressure group on divorce law reform, and an early campaigner against female genital mutilation. Her mother Martha married Arthur Willett, and the family, including 3 stepsisters, moved to Marylebone. The family were Salvation Army members. Edith, thanks to the help of the wealthy mother of her Sunday School teacher, went to a good girl’s school, Hampden Gurney. Edith, while travelling in South Africa as a children’s nurse, decided to join the Salvation Army despite not being able to afford the uniform. It was then she suffered a sexual attack, and was nearly raped, by a fellow officer. This experience motivated her later work as a journalist and a campaign for female police officers and court officials to provide support to women. In 1910 she returned to London and became involved in the suffrage campaign with the Women’s Freedom League. She took part in the protest on the river Thames in 1913 where campaigners sailed past the Houses of Parliament singing protest songs. Edith was imprisoned in 1914 for chaining herself to the doors of Marylebone Magistrates’ court and began writing a suffrage column for the Daily Herald which by the 1930s, was the bestselling daily newspaper worldwide (it was Labour supporting and the precursor to The Sun before it was bought by Rupert Murdoch). Edith was also court correspondent for The Vote, the Women’s Freedom League’s newspaper. She wrote a series of pieces arguing against the injustices of a male dominated legal system. For example, comparing the lenient sentences handed down for domestic violence, sexual harassment, and abuse, contrasted to crimes against property. This was in a column ironically titled ‘the Protected Sex’. She met her future husband Ernest Watson around this time, and defying convention, they lived together before marriage. She spent some time in Algiers in 1911 and was likely there when the 1911 census was taken so appears to have been absent rather than evading. However, before she left that year, following an argument with Ernest, she was living with him in his ‘old room at his lodgings in Camden Town’ at 185 King’s Road, which is now St Pancras Way. As her last known location in 1911 this is where she is approximately located on the map. She and Ernest reconciled on her return, and they married in 1912. The couple had a son in 1919 but divorced a few years later. She continued to have live in relationships post-divorce. Edith wrote an autobiography which remains unpublished accessible via the Women’s Library (see sources). In it she describes how female journalists were not allowed in court when cases of an indecent nature were being heard. She knew women and girls were not believed, and they needed safeguarding as much as possible. She stated how “...Again and again, I heard a girl lose her case because she had not screamed…no man there seemed to understand why she had not done so if her story were true…why didn’t you scream? Because you needed that breath to fight…you are ashamed and embarrassed and want to abolish the very memory of it”. Edith was clearly drawing on her own experience. From 1914-1916 she served in the Women’s Volunteer Police Service (WVP) which she founded with (see) Constance Antonia ‘Nina’ Boyle (WFL). The service carried out patrols to assist women and children, and to counteract the restrictions placed on women by Victorian morality campaigners. Edith and Nina strongly believed women should have rights to public space. However, the WVP were increasingly used to control the behaviour of women (particularly working-class women) which was contrary to the original aims. Perhaps unsurprisingly, Boyle and Watson left. There were up to 5,000 women volunteers in the early days but by 1922 they were almost non-existent. The moral and social control they were being asked to enforce caused division amongst them and alienated the women they were supposed to be protecting. It wasn’t until 1923 that women police officers were officially sanctioned and given powers of arrest. Edith became an active member of the Independent Labour Party in the 1920s. She became friends with Fenner Brockway (later Lord Brockway, MP, and chairman and General Secretary of the Independent Labour Party) and his first wife Lila. The couple fostered Edith’s son for a while. Among her other exploits, Edith disguised herself as a nurse to obtain information for a campaign to improve conditions in mental hospitals; she criticised the Marriage Guidance Council for being too middle class; led a pressure group for divorce reform; and publicised the practice of Female Genital Mutilation in Kenya. She was an active campaigner for women most of her life, dying in a nursing home in Worthing in 1966. Sources: Edith Watson Papers & autobiography, ‘Travelling Hopefully - the autobiography of a Nobody’ accessible at the Women’s Library, LSE; Edith Watson entry Oxford DNB. Contributed by Susan Doe, Hackney Historian (with a particular interest in women’s history). Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Edith Watson Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant ||||osm POINT(-15367.099104418334 6717894.350950394) WFL https://olive-civet.lnx.warwick.ac.uk/files/original/1c1df0d5d18ff23904bd75fa7c218275.jpg 4604640320ad79ce45ad5da041793d6b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Bessie Drysdale. Source: Courtesy Schwimmer-LLoyd Collection, NYPL. https://olive-civet.lnx.warwick.ac.uk/files/original/49504d983811ee32977aab201ebf37af.jpg ac1af1f0b3520c79be8665b6df646e1c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Bessie (tall figure left of centre) on 7th October 1911 march to Holloway Gaol. Christabel Pankhurst is on the right. Source: Courtesy Schwimmer-Lloyd collection, NYPL. https://olive-civet.lnx.warwick.ac.uk/files/original/6b64732de69489be1ed65ef351185f0d.jpg 4ba81d8dc68265afa1a14cc202d72445 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Bessie's 1911 census return with a written protest across it. Source: Courtesy The National Archives. https://olive-civet.lnx.warwick.ac.uk/files/original/5115c6e1adc84a03b687304cca007c4d.jpg a7d20b10d8cbaa3ca74cdb012dcd4b08 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Bessie (extreme left) at the Birth Control Congress, Holland, 1910. Source: Courtesy Schwimmer-Lloyd Collection, NYPL. Person (Campaigner) A record of a person related to the Mapping Women's Suffrage project Occupation None known Age The age of this person at the time of the 1911 UK Census 35 Marital Status The marital status of this person at the time of the 1911 UK Census Married Address The address of this person at the time of the 1911 UK Census 49 Rotherwick Road, Hampstead Garden Suburb, London Suffrage Society The suffrage society this person was affiliated with at the time of the 1911 UK Census WFL Census This person's response to the 1911 UK Census Resists Biographical Text Bessie Ingman, known as Mrs Drysdale, was the ‘daughter-in-law’ of Dr Alice (Drysdale) Vickery and, like Alice, moved from constitutional to militant campaigning. On 14 February 1907, as a member of the WSPU National Executive Committee, she was one of 52 women arrested during a march to the House of Commons and spent 21 days in Holloway. In November of that year, she became a member of the first NEC of the breakaway WFL. In 1908 Bessie was a WFL delegate at the International Women’s Suffrage Alliance Congress in Amsterdam; Charles Drysdale represented the MLWS. The involvement of the whole family in the campaign was demonstrated in the June 1908 procession to Hyde Park, organised by the WSPU: ‘in the WFL contingent, secretary Edith How Martyn walked with a pretty little girl, Eva Drysdale, whose father marched with the MLWS, whose mother was with the prisoners, and whose grandmother took her place with the veterans.’ (The Vote 25 June 1910) Bessie wrote across her page in the 1911 Census: ‘As the Government refuses me a vote and as I am not therefore recognised as a citizen, I refuse to perform the duties of one in giving the information required by the Government’, signing with her name as a member of the WFL. She represented the WFL at the International Women’s Suffrage Alliance Congress in Stockholm that summer, reporting on it to The Vote, acknowledging some material supplied by Margery Corbett Ashby. At this time Bessie, Charles and Eva lived at 49 Rotherwick Road, Hampstead Garden Suburb. Alice lived at 47 and a local WFL branch was formed here, with Bessie as secretary. Photographs in the Schwimmer/Lloyd Collection in New York Public Library show that on 7 October 1911 Bessie and Charles took part in a procession to Holloway Gaol to protest against the imprisonment of Clemence Housman, for non-payment of rates. In one photograph Bessie is identified as the tall figure left of centre; on the right is Christabel Pankhurst. It is likely that Charles took and inscribed the photographs showing Bessie. He himself appears in another photograph, probably taken by Bessie, as the man on the right carrying a banner, immediately in front of Clemence Housman herself. Bessie remained on the WFL NEC until April 1912, when she and several other prominent members, including Edith How Martyn, announced that they had left to campaign independently. It was at this time, and presumably for Eva’s health, that the Drysdales acquired 13 acres at Heathfield, East Sussex, where they built a house, Cherry Croft, and Bessie attempted to establish a women’s co-operative fruit and chicken smallholding. After Eva’s death in 1914 this enterprise was abandoned and Bessie, during the War and under the auspices of the Malthusian League, published a series of leaflets emphasizing the need to reduce the birth-rate at a time of such shortages. After the War, she travelled the country, arranging meetings held by the American birth control campaigner, Mary Sanger, and promoting Ministry of Health birth control information. Sources: Frances Stenlake, 'Heathfield Story Discovered in New York Public Library' Sussex Family Historian, June 2014; LSE WL 9/01/00/90 HO-45-24665 arrest list; Women’s Franchise; The Vote; Votes for Women; The Woman’s Leader; The Times; Kent and Sussex Courier. Contributed by Frances Stenlake, Independent researcher & writer. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bessie Drysdale Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant ||||osm POINT(-21442.360313615558 6723580.905478084) WFL https://olive-civet.lnx.warwick.ac.uk/files/original/e0dc1f189b54af8817699385d16631d4.jpg 74d0b9499a70500f8feac68cc715d9b2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Dr. Alice Vickery. Source: Schwimmer-Lloyd Collection, New York Public Library Digital Collections. https://olive-civet.lnx.warwick.ac.uk/files/original/3692a085b068cbb2e64d78528cd015cf.jpeg 0476fbe6e49b19f26fb545da15681d4a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Carte-de-visite of Alice Vickery, c. 1878-1902. Photograph by Bradshaw & Sons. Source: New York Academy of Medicine, Carte-de-visite collection. https://olive-civet.lnx.warwick.ac.uk/files/original/e1de42b5a6f5919a3620cb08aa123f4a.jpg 4ec4b423f56bcd14efde16f58f686079 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Family portrait of Alice Vickery with her son, Charles; daughter in law Bessie; & granddaughter Eva (1913). Source: The New York Public Library Digital Collections. Person (Campaigner) A record of a person related to the Mapping Women's Suffrage project Occupation Doctor Age The age of this person at the time of the 1911 UK Census 77 Marital Status The marital status of this person at the time of the 1911 UK Census Single Address The address of this person at the time of the 1911 UK Census 47 Rotherwick Road, Hampstead Garden Suburb Suffrage Society The suffrage society this person was affiliated with at the time of the 1911 UK Census WFL Census This person's response to the 1911 UK Census Evades Biographical Text Alice Vickery (1834-1929) became, in 1873, the first woman in Britain to qualify as a Chemist and Druggist. In the same year she qualified as a midwife, and went to study at the University of Paris, as no British medical school at the time admitted women. In 1880 she was one of the first five women to qualify as a doctor at the London Medical School for Women. She practised among the poor of south London and was a pioneer adviser on contraception. Alice was sometimes referred to as Dr Alice Drysdale Vickery. Although they appear never to have married, Charles Robert Drysdale, Senior Physician at the Metropolitan Free Hospital, London, was known as her husband. He became the first President of the Malthusian League, founded in 1877 to promote birth control, Alice succeeding him in this position on his death in 1907. In 1898 the National British Women’s Temperance Association’s Woman’s Signal published Alice’s translation of the 1790 essay The Political Rights of Women by Nicolas, Marquis de Condorcet, one of the leading thinkers of the French Revolution. Alice also wrote for the 1890s feminist periodical Shafts. She was an early subscriber to the National Society for Women’s Suffrage, subsequently moving from the NUWSS to the WSPU, then to the WFL and the WTRL. In 1908 she was a WFL delegate to the Congress of the International Women’s Suffrage Alliance in Amsterdam and became President of the Herne Hill and West Norwood WFL branch, lending her drawing room at 28 Carson Road, Dulwich, for weekly meetings. In 1911 Alice moved to 47 Rotherwick Road, Hampstead Garden Suburb, to live next door to her son, Dr Charles Vickery Drysdale, and Bessie Ingman, known as Mrs Drysdale. A meeting was held in her house to form the Hendon Women’s Franchise Society; speaking engagements elsewhere included a talk to the Actresses Franchise League on ‘The Injustices and Inequalities of Marriage Laws’ in company with Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, President of the Divorce Law Reform Union. Alice evaded the 1911 Census and by 1913 had become a tax resister, having a gold and opal ring distrained after refusing to pay her rates. The Hendon Women’s Franchise Society was affiliated to the United Suffragists, formed in early 1914, and meetings at 47 Rotherwick Road were held in support of a successful woman District Council election candidate in March 1914 and, in September 1918, to protest about women being ineligible to stand for Parliament. Alice participated too in the suffragist demand to repeal Regulation 40D, introduced late in the War to allow for a woman to be remanded and imprisoned for the transmission of VD to a member of the forces. Moving to Brighton in 1923, Alice continued to be an active member of the WFL, speaking on the need to reform the laws concerning marriage and parenthood, and being elected President of the Brighton and Hove branch in 1925. Her death at the beginning of 1929 was marked by a full front-page obituary in Vote. Sources: NSWS reports (LSE WL online); The Woman’s Signal; Women’s Suffrage Journal; Women’s Franchise; Votes for Women; Common Cause; Kilburn Times; Hendon and Finchley Times; Woman Citizen; British Medical Journal. Contributed by Frances Stenlake, Independent writer & researcher. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alice Vickery (Dr.) Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant ||||osm POINT(-21382.13646910478 6723588.070115702) WFL https://olive-civet.lnx.warwick.ac.uk/files/original/b7e3f77a4a9acff9b0d0f1f1d893251b.jpeg f26848cb07986df293c79a52d2a3a74e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Cicely in later life. Source: Courtesy & kind permission of Andrew Starr https://olive-civet.lnx.warwick.ac.uk/files/original/fca290bde0b36f9e4f858525530fd7a7.jpeg a78e745070d4b9fa401261686a9d7589 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Cicely & husband Ernest with their daughter Cicely Jr. Source: courtesy & kind permission of Andrew Starr. https://olive-civet.lnx.warwick.ac.uk/files/original/14f8355a33a1dfded8c8186b6d38870f.jpg a69d92a5d4dc42633f40e01f1c607de3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource 1911 census return where Cicely was living with her father - 'Daughter a Suffragette'. Source: courtesy The National Archives. Person (Campaigner) A record of a person related to the Mapping Women's Suffrage project Occupation Teacher Age The age of this person at the time of the 1911 UK Census 33 Marital Status The marital status of this person at the time of the 1911 UK Census Single Address The address of this person at the time of the 1911 UK Census 20 Mary Road, Stechford, Birmingham Suffrage Society The suffrage society this person was affiliated with at the time of the 1911 UK Census WSPU Census This person's response to the 1911 UK Census Evades Biographical Text Cicely Neale (1879-1970) later Lucas, fulfilled a long-held ambition to become an educator of girls. Born in 1879 to the headmaster of Westwood Heath school in Warwickshire, her position as the only girl in a family of boys – “an unpaid skivvy” – made her only too aware of women’s position in society as a whole. By the age of 26 she was schoolmistress in a girls’ school in Birmingham. Cicely supplemented her income by teaching needlework to women at evening classes. It was here, in a class entitled “How to make a shirt for my husband”, that she first heard talk of the suffrage movement. In 1905, she joined the WSPU, attending and speaking at events held in Birmingham and London. In later life, she reflected: ‘If a crowd assembled accident, political, noted personage, royalty, roughs, etc., etc., I joined it and worked through to the opposite end and I knew my subject well. I possessed the schoolmistress' voice a carrying, rather than a shouting one, and a dominating tone, and was accustomed to being stared at, etc., etc. I could mount and descend from goods' wagons and my small height would save many a staggering blow. These were some activities I could do and did’. She was aware that she needed to protect her work in education, writing: ‘I was a state schoolmistress so no limelight and no absence from work! No press reports! No medical support reports for injuries inflicted or strained nerves!”. However, she collected the stones that were thrown at her, calling them her “jewels”. Some of these, along with her WSPU sash and satchel are now in the collection of the Warwick Museum. In 1911, she was living with her father in the house she had bought in Stechford, Birmingham. She appears to have evaded the 1911 census, as “Daughter is a suffragette” is written across the form after her father’s entry. Whether Cicely or her father wrote this gesture of defiance is unclear, but it is possible that he shared his daughter’s values. It is interesting to note that the census return for next-door’s house, later occupied by Cicely and her husband, is simply a blank form with one word written on it: “Suffragettes” – perhaps pointing to a group evasion? Cicely married Ernest Lucas in 1912. The couple taught in Paris, Cicely working in the new Berlitz language school until the threat of war forced her and their young daughter to undertake a difficult and dangerous journey back to her family in Westwood Heath. Cicely commenced supply teaching to support herself. When Ernest returned after the war, the couple settled in Claverdon, and Cicely became headmistress of a girls’ school in Solihull. In later life, Cicely became a local newspaper correspondent and a parish councillor, fiercely guarding rights of way in the parish. She also continued teaching children who needed extra support outside the classroom. Her mental faculties remained sharp, and she was active in public life up until her death in 1970 at the age of 91. Sources: Memoir of Cicely Lucas (unpublished); www.ourwarwickshire.org.uk/content/article/cicely-lucas-early-life-an-interest-in-womens-suffrage; thanks to Andrew Starr (Cicely’s great-grandson) and historian Christine Cluley for their assistance. Contributed by Jill Kashi, Westwood Heath History Society. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Cicely Neale (later Lucas) Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant |3|0.0000000|0.0000000|osm POINT(-202207.0682597299 6887964.922751988) WSPU https://olive-civet.lnx.warwick.ac.uk/files/original/7a5fbb6d7dca773cc9b6d6c81bff1ce7.jpg dac55dee0fc42d8544fc42209a2b5578 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Chapelwood Manor, Nutley, East Sussex. Source: Postcard published (&photographed) by Harold Camburn of Tunbridge Wells. Image scan courtesy of Sussex Online Parish Clerks www.sussex-opc.org Person (Campaigner) A record of a person related to the Mapping Women's Suffrage project Occupation None given Age The age of this person at the time of the 1911 UK Census 53 Marital Status The marital status of this person at the time of the 1911 UK Census Married Address The address of this person at the time of the 1911 UK Census Chapelwood Manor, Nutley, East Sussex Suffrage Society The suffrage society this person was affiliated with at the time of the 1911 UK Census NUWSS Census This person's response to the 1911 UK Census Away in France Biographical Text Sybil Brassey (1858-1934) Sybil de Vere, daughter of the Earl of Essex, married the widowed Lord Thomas Brassey and became the stepmother of Muriel, Countess de la Warr. The couple’s Sussex home was Chapelwood Manor, Nutley, but at the time of the 1911 Census they were on holiday in France. Sybil hosted and chaired suffrage meetings at her London residence, 24 Park Lane, and in Sussex. In November 1910 Millicent Garrett Fawcett addressed a reception at 24 Park Lane; in March 1911 Sybil chaired a meeting at Horsted Keynes in the company of Lady Betty Balfour, Louisa Martindale, Flora de Gaudrion Merrifield, Marie and Cicely Corbett, Mary Benson, Mary Spooner, and Edith Bevan. In May 1911 Sybil, as President of the Bexhill, Hastings, and St Leonard’s Women’s Suffrage Society, presided over a Crowborough meeting at which a message of support from her husband was read. The meeting resulted in the formation of a NUWSS branch, with Sybil as President. When, shortly afterwards, at a meeting chaired by Sybil in Hastings, Lord Brassey declared in person his ‘conversion to feminism’, this was reported nationally. In July 1911 Lord Brassey became an Earl and, as Countess Brassey, Sybil attended the first meeting of the Rotherfield and Mark Cross NUWSS branch. In October she chaired three lectures on women’s suffrage: in Uckfield by Liberal academic Walter Lyon Blease; in Burgess Hill by Lord Robert Cecil; and in Crowborough by Elizabeth Robins. In November Sybil presided at the New Constitutional Society for Women’s Suffrage in Hythe and a rally in Hastings was addressed by the Brasseys, Millicent Garrett Fawcett and Earl Lytton. Meetings chaired in 1912 began with Lord Robert Cecil at Forest Row, then included Tunbridge Wells, Rochester, Uckfield, and Deal. In October Sybil hosted a reception at 24 Park Lane for Men’s International Alliance for Women’s Suffrage delegates to a MLWS conference. In March 1913 she attended with Muriel the National Political League demonstration against force feeding. Neither she nor Muriel were able to attend the Hastings, St Leonard’s, and East Sussex rally in October at which Earl Brassey declared that he ‘loved the cause’, but in December Sybil formally opened the Women’s Franchise Club in Brighton. Sybil’s involvement in both London and county suffrage activity was exemplified by two important engagements in July 1914. On 6 July she hosted a reception at 24 Park Lane, under the auspices of the WTRL, for International Week guests of the Women’s Suffrage Union, British Dominions Overseas. Later that month she was on the platform in Cuckfield’s Queen’s Hall, supporting chair Lady Eleanor Cecil, at the 5th annual meeting of the Cuckfield and Central Sussex Women’s Suffrage Society addressed by Millicent Garrett Fawcett. During the War Sybil chaired fund-raising meetings in London and Sussex for the NUWSS Scottish Women’s Hospitals. Wounded officers who convalesced at Chapelwood Manor included war poet Siegfried Sassoon. In June 1918 Sybil presided over a meeting of the newly inaugurated Hastings and St Leonards Women Citizens Association addressed by Ray Strachey on ‘The Vote: Women’s New Responsibilities’. Contributed by Frances Stenlake, Independent researcher & writer. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sybil Brassey Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant ||||osm POINT(4587.810173424556 6628499.427495521) NUWSS https://olive-civet.lnx.warwick.ac.uk/files/original/02423ba410a95d81b2b2c0d0b3a88766.jpg b505fdbc904cc76a7980e17d600a3d6e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Mary Phillips. Source: https://womanandhersphere.com/tag/mary-phillips/ https://olive-civet.lnx.warwick.ac.uk/files/original/227a9a801e780d2c7b1d231fe268ade3.jpg 851cdfffe35eda6ed9a906ccda372240 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Mary Phillips 1909. Source: wikipedia (Blathwayt, Col Linley.jpg) Person (Campaigner) A record of a person related to the Mapping Women's Suffrage project Occupation Organiser Age The age of this person at the time of the 1911 UK Census 31 Marital Status The marital status of this person at the time of the 1911 UK Census Single Address The address of this person at the time of the 1911 UK Census 68 Manningham Lane, Bradford Suffrage Society The suffrage society this person was affiliated with at the time of the 1911 UK Census WSPU Census This person's response to the 1911 UK Census Evades Biographical Text Mary Elizabeth Phillips (1880-1969) was daughter to a doctor who worked in Glasgow and encouraged her to join the suffrage campaign. In 1904-1905, she worked as a paid organizer for the Glasgow and West of Scotland Association for Women’s Suffrage, resigning in 1907 as organizing secretary to join the WSPU because of the failure of ‘constitutional agitation’. As a socialist, she also wrote regularly for the Scots Weekly Journal for ‘socialism, trade unionism, and democratic thought’. In March 1908, Mary took part in the ‘pantechnicon’ raid on parliament and was later arrested taking part in a deputation in June. She was sentenced to three months in prison, and on her release was greeted with much fanfare by WSPU members, accompanied by pipers. She subsequently became a paid organizer for the WSPU travelling wherever she was needed the length and breadth of the country, from Cornwall to Scotland. Mary was arrested again in Exeter in 1909 after interrupting a meeting held by Lord Carrington and was imprisoned for seven days by the local magistrate as a third class or criminal category prisoner. She was released after three days following a hunger strike in protest at the failure to recognise her as a political prisoner. WSPU leader Mrs Emmeline Pankhurst wrote to her shortly afterwards: ‘As for you my dear girl, take great care of yourself and do everything in your power to recover your health and strength’. Mary was awarded the WSPU hunger strike medal. For next three years she was based in and worked as organizer for campaigns in the north of England. There she led a suffragette evasion of the government’s 1911 census survey in Bradford at the WSPU shop at 68 Manningham Lane (position on map approximate) where she was based. She harboured about ten evading suffragettes and two reporters who were able to speak to Mary that night, were told the women were ‘having a fine time’. The census schedule said ‘No Vote, No Census’. Mary herself wrote a lengthy justification for the protest: ‘Posterity will know how to judge this government if it persists in bringing about the falsification of national statistics instead of acting on its own principle & making itself truly representative of the people’. The census enumerator guessed the number of women evading with Mary, writing ‘I am unable to obtain more definite information’ adding ‘this is a lock up shop with no sleeping accommodation’. In July 1912, Mary was arrested outside the town hall in Chester attempting to ‘flour’ the Prime Minister though she was unsuccessful. Her fine was paid without her consent, and so she was released. That year she spent time in Falmouth with her father following the death of her mother, where she received a sympathy letter from Christabel Pankhurst which also spoke of suffrage matters. Despite Mary’s service for the WSPU including her imprisonments, the letter was curt in tone and suggested WSPU comrades had called into question Mary’s capabilities as an organizer. This may reveal increasing tensions among WSPU members over the direction of the campaign as Mary promptly joined and began working instead for Sylvia Pankhurst’s break away organisation the East End London Federation of Suffragettes which was rooted in working class communities and socialist in orientation. In 1916, she joined the United Suffragists working as a London organizer and subsequently belonged to several woman and children centred organisations including the Women’s International League and Save the Children Fund. Sources: Elizabeth Crawford, The Women’s Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide, 1866-1928 (Routledge, London); Jill Liddington, Vanishing for the Vote: Suffrage, Citizenship, and the Battle for the Census (Manchester Uni Press, Manchester); Votes for Women; The Lakes Herald. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mary Phillips Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant ||||osm POINT(-195841.48581858422 7132465.627016339) WSPU