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              <text>Mary and her sister Annie were early subscribers to the Birmingham Women's Suffrage Society and founded a Berkswell Branch in 1907 of which Mary was honorary secretary and her sister treasurer. However, by 1908 the two joined the WSPU. This would explain why Mary refused to give the required information on her census form in April 1911 or 'resisted' like many other WSPU members taking part in the suffrage census boycott. The WSPU were committed to attaining Votes for Women using a variety of means including breaking the law often in high profile and headline grabbing ways which became increasingly violent. </text>
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              <text>Mary (1879 - 1950) was co-Honorary Secretary for Sevenoaks NUWSS. This information was published in The Common Cause, 4 July 1913 as part of promoting the NUWSS pilgrimage from Kent to London. Her co-Honorary Secretary was Marjorie Crombie-Hill (see her entry). Mary lived in a grand mansion: her father, William, had made his fortune from the wool trade in Australia. Bulimba was a large, grand, neo-Jacobean mansion built of ragstone in 22 acres next to St Mary’s Church in Kippington in 1890. Demolished in 1933, the land was sub-divided into 9 plots fronting Kippington Road and 11 fronting Oakhill Road. Mary is referenced in the newspaper reports of the Sevenoaks 1913 pilgrimage meetings alongside Australian actress and well-known women’s suffrage speaker, Muriel Matters. Muriel had been a founder member of the Women’s Freedom League (WFL), but in 1913 had left the WFL and joined the NUWSS. Mary is referenced in a local newspaper article where she, Marjorie Crombie-Hill and Mrs Percy Thompson, were congratulated for their arrangements for the arrival to Sevenoaks of the pilgrimage. In 1939, Mary still lived in Sevenoaks but at The Lodge, Bradbourne Road and her occupation was listed as ‘historical research work’. She never married.  She died in 1950. For more information see, Jennifer Godfrey, Suffragettes of Kent, (Pen &amp; Sword Ltd, 2019). Researched &amp; contributed by Jennifer Godfrey.</text>
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              <text>Mary Gertrude Oldfield Howey (1882-1967) was the older sister of Elsie Howey, one of the most prominent militant suffragettes. She was born in Finningley, Yorkshire, where her father was vicar.  Mary was a delegate at the Caxton Hall Parliament of Women and campaigned in the south west of England. She was arrested in 1908 and subsequently planted a tree at Annie's Arboretum in Bath and was photographed by Colonel Blathwayt with Elsie in 1909.  Her mother (see) Getrude and sister Elsie evaded the government's 1911 census survey, but Mary resisted writing "Votes for Women" in large capital letters on the census form, and described herself and Gladys Pritchard her servant as "not franchised". Interestingly, she wrote this in the column designated for 'Infirmities'. Contributed by Herefordshire community fundraiser Clare Wichbold, MBE. Sources: see: https://suffragettestories.omeka.net/bio-mary-howey </text>
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              <text>Mary Vellacott was Honorary Secretary of the Leamington and Warwick branch of the National Union of Women’s Suffrage Societies (NUWSS). She boarded with her mother Jane in rooms at Langton House, Leamington. However, when the census was taken on the 2nd of April 1911, Mary was absent from Langton House, visiting friends in Kent. Mary described herself on the census as living on ‘private means’ though she described herself elsewhere, as a writer.&#13;
&#13;
Mary was committed to peaceful methods of campaigning for the vote, using traditional means such as petitions and lobbying politicians. She did not agree with the militant tactics used by members of the Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU) led by Emmeline and Christabel Pankhurst. &#13;
&#13;
It seems likely that Mary became involved with suffrage politics following her experiences in the municipal elections in 1909. Some forty years earlier, women had been granted the right to vote in local elections, so long as they met residential criteria. The local press reported in September 1909, that Miss Vellacott had cast her vote in the elections, but had it queried (along with several men) by the election agents for Liberal and Conservative council members. They tried to have her vote invalidated because she did not meet residential qualifications. Mary countered, pointing out that she had lived at Langton House for nine years, had her own gas meter and paid extra to the Landlord for sole use of a sitting room. Mary won this battle for the vote. The agents challenge was dismissed and her vote allowed to stand.&#13;
&#13;
Thereafter she threw herself into working for the suffrage cause. She attended numerous conferences and demonstrations across the Midlands as well as in Manchester and London. She also addressed meetings and wrote regularly to the local press. &#13;
&#13;
In March 1911, as Honorary Secretary of the local branch, Mary addressed the Annual Meeting of the NUWSS at Leamington, where she remarked happily upon the four Women’s Suffrage Societies that now had branches in Leamington, and how well the Leamington and Warwick branch of the NUWSS was represented within the Midland Federation Committee.&#13;
&#13;
In June 1911, Mary travelled down to London to take part in the Women’s Coronation Procession. The procession was organised by suffrage societies to rival the official Coronation procession of George V from which women were excluded. Approximately 40,000 women from around 30 women’s suffrage societies participated, and the procession was seven miles long.&#13;
&#13;
Mary was also present at a meeting in Leamington’s ‘Winter Hall’ (now Leamington Public Library) in November 1911 when the Leamington and Warwick branch of the NUWSS joined forces with other suffrage societies including the Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU) to lobby MP Ernest Pollock in support of the second Conciliation bill. &#13;
&#13;
Thanks to Leamington History Society researchers. For more on Mary Vellacott, see, Margaret Rushton: http://www.leamingtonhistory.co.uk/mary-louise-vellacott-suffragist/</text>
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              <text>Lady Mordaunt was present at several local CUWFA meetings often with one or more of her children. The CUWFA formed in 1908 to work peacefully and constitutionally for ‘the removal of the sex disqualification from the franchise’ by bringing Conservative and Unionist’s together.</text>
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                    <text>Source: The National Archives.</text>
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              <text>Mary lived with her husband Robert who was a Brass Founder. As head of household, it is likely Robert filled in the couples 1911 census form. Hence, most of the required details have been given correctly - but not all. Most likely at his wife's request, Robert has written 'suffragette' as Mary's occupation. This qualifies her as a 1911 census resister taking part in the suffragette boycott of the government survey that year in protest at not having the vote. Taking part was a substantial risk for working women as such action could incur a fine and even imprisonment. As a 'suffragette', Mary was most likely a member of the WSPU who opened a branch in Coventry 1908 with an office in Earl Street. At this stage we know little else about Mary. Could you help? Foleshill Road has undergone significant redevelopment and renumbering so it's unlikely Mary's home still exists. Researcher: Tara Morton. Coventry research funded by Warwick University.&#13;
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                    <text>Dr. Mary Charlotte Murdoch. Source: https://www.carnegiehull.co.uk/hull-firsts/dr-mary-murdoch.php</text>
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                    <text> Dr. Mary Charlotte Murdoch. Source: Hull History Centre.</text>
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                    <text>Mary's 1911 census form. Source: courtesy The National Archives.</text>
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                    <text>Recent photograph of Mary Murdoch's address at 102 Beverly Road, Hull, now offices. Source: https://www.hull-humber-chamber.co.uk</text>
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                    <text>Commemorative plaque dedicated to Dr Mary Murdoch, located on her former home in Beverley Road. Source: photograph by Yvonne Inall for the Remember Me project, Hull, at https://remembermeproject.wordpress.com/2017/04/05/dr-mary-murdoch-1864-1916-a-woman-doctor-of-hull/</text>
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              <text>Mary Charlotte Murdoch was born in Elgin in 1864, daughter of Jane and solicitor William Murdoch and was the youngest of six children. She started her education in Elgin before attending Manor Mount Girls' Collegiate School at Forest Hill in south London, before moving to Lausanne in Switzerland. She returned to Elgin in 1883 and, after her mother's death, she attended the London School of Medicine for Women in 1888. It was during her studies in London, that she started attending meetings about the women’s suffrage cause. Mary finished her qualifications in Scotland in 1892 and completed a midwifery course at the Maternity Hospital in Brighton. Her first professional experiences were in London as clinical assistant under Helen Webb in the New Hospital for Women and under Helen Mackenzie's outpatient department at Brompton Hospital. In 1893, Mary was appointed house-surgeon at the Victoria Hospital for Children in Hull; in 1895 she became assistant medical officer at the Tottenham Fever Hospital, where she gained experience with infectious diseases; and in 1896 she returned to Hull and became the first woman to practice medicine there. Eventually, Mary set up a private practice in Hull, bringing suffragist Louisa Martindale into the partnership in 1900, and she was also appointed honorary assistant physician to the Victoria Hospital for Children becoming in 1910 , honorary senior physician. She had been a member of the British Medical Association since 1894; took an active role in the Association of Registered Medical Women; and as a lecturer at the London School of Medicine for Women. Mary Murdoch was well-known and respected  as a good diagnostician, and researcher of pericarditis as well as vaccine treatments. In addition, Mary had not forgotten those early suffrage meetings and became a very active public speaker for the cause of women’s suffrage; fearless despite the risk to her professional reputation. In 1904, she founded and chaired the Hull Women’s Suffrage Society, affiliated to the NUWSS. However, after the NUWSS publicly rejected militant tactics in 1909, Mary resigned and joined the WSPU instead, although she remained critical of its autocratic structure and the progression of more violent militancy. Despite her departure from the NUWSS, Mary continued as one of its leader, Millicent Fawcett’s, close friends. In 1911, she even represented her at the meeting of the International Council of Women (ICW) held in Stockholm and in 1913 at the meeting of the standing committee of the ICW at the Hague. She complied with the 1911 census, despite belonging to the WSPU who encouraged its boycott. It is not clear what informed her decision, but perhaps as a clinician, she recognised the potential value of gathering census population statistics on issues relating to health and social conditions such as infant mortality rates, to argue for reform. Sadly, Mary Murdoch died at home in 1916, following a short illness after attending an emergency call in difficult, snowy conditions.' Sources: K. Cockin (2005) entry - Murdoch, Mary Charlotte (1864–1916), physician and suffragist, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography;&#13;
Elizabeth Crawford (1999) The Women's Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide 1866-1928 (London: Routledge); Jill Liddington (2014) Vanishing for the Vote: Suffrage, Citizenship and the Battle for the Census, (Manchester: Manchester Uni Press). Contributed by Oihane Etayo (Warwick University).</text>
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                    <text>Mary Phillips. Source: https://womanandhersphere.com/tag/mary-phillips/</text>
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              <text>Mary Elizabeth Phillips (1880-1969) was daughter to a doctor who worked in Glasgow and encouraged her to join the suffrage campaign. In 1904-1905, she worked as a paid organizer for the Glasgow and West of Scotland Association for Women’s Suffrage, resigning in 1907 as organizing secretary to join the WSPU because of the failure of ‘constitutional agitation’. As a socialist, she also wrote regularly for the Scots Weekly Journal for ‘socialism, trade unionism, and democratic thought’. In March 1908, Mary took part in the ‘pantechnicon’ raid on parliament and was later arrested taking part in a deputation in June. She was sentenced to three months in prison, and on her release was greeted with much fanfare by WSPU members, accompanied by pipers. She subsequently became a paid organizer for the WSPU travelling wherever she was needed the length and breadth of the country, from Cornwall to Scotland. Mary was arrested again in Exeter in 1909 after interrupting a meeting held by Lord Carrington and was imprisoned for seven days by the local magistrate as a third class or criminal category prisoner. She was released after three days following a hunger strike in protest at the failure to recognise her as a political prisoner. WSPU leader Mrs Emmeline Pankhurst wrote to her shortly afterwards: ‘As for you my dear girl, take great care of yourself and do everything in your power to recover your health and strength’. Mary was awarded the WSPU hunger strike medal. For next three years she was based in and worked as organizer for campaigns in the north of England. There she led a suffragette evasion of the government’s 1911 census survey in Bradford at the WSPU shop at 68 Manningham Lane (position on map approximate) where she was based. She harboured about ten evading suffragettes and two reporters who were able to speak to Mary that night, were told the women were ‘having a fine time’. The census schedule said ‘No Vote, No Census’. Mary herself wrote a lengthy justification for the protest: ‘Posterity will know how to judge this government if it persists in bringing about the falsification of national statistics instead of acting on its own principle &amp; making itself truly representative of the people’. The census enumerator guessed the number of women evading with Mary, writing ‘I am unable to obtain more definite information’ adding ‘this is a lock up shop with no sleeping accommodation’. In July 1912, Mary was arrested outside the town hall in Chester attempting to ‘flour’ the Prime Minister though she was unsuccessful. Her fine was paid without her consent, and so she was released. That year she spent time in Falmouth with her father following the death of her mother, where she received a sympathy letter from Christabel Pankhurst which also spoke of suffrage matters. Despite Mary’s service for the WSPU including her imprisonments, the letter was curt in tone and suggested WSPU comrades had called into question Mary’s capabilities as an organizer. This may reveal increasing tensions among WSPU members over the direction of the campaign as Mary promptly joined and began working instead for Sylvia Pankhurst’s break away organisation the East End London Federation of Suffragettes which was rooted in working class communities and socialist in orientation. In 1916, she joined the United Suffragists working as a London organizer and subsequently belonged to several woman and children centred organisations including the Women’s International League and Save the Children Fund. Sources: Elizabeth Crawford, The Women’s Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide, 1866-1928 (Routledge, London); Jill Liddington, Vanishing for the Vote: Suffrage, Citizenship, and the Battle for the Census (Manchester Uni Press, Manchester); Votes for Women; The Lakes Herald.</text>
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              <text>Born in 1856 in Hertfordshire Mary was one of at least 6 children of Thomas Postlethwaite, a farmer and later slate merchant, and his wife also named Mary. Both Mary and her sisters set their mind to becoming artists and in 1880, Mary became a student at Derby School of Art (Derby was her mother’s hometown). By 1886, the sisters moved to London with their now retired parents and in 1890, Mary attended the Royal Academy Schools where she won first prize for her painting of a draped figure. She is known for her still life paintings, but these are very rarely found, and none appear to hang in any public collection. Her pathway into the women’s suffrage movement is unclear, but by 1908 she was helping to organise the artists section of the WSPU Women’s Sunday Procession to Hyde Park on the 21st of June 1908 and was a member of the WSPU Kensington branch. She was selected as part of a deputation to take a resolution to the House of Commons demanding an immediate measure to grant votes for women. In the ensuing scuffles, she was arrested with 29 other women, charged with obstruction, and sentenced to four weeks imprisonment. In 1911, she followed the census boycott as a member of the WSPU, writing on her census form ‘Didn’t count at the general election, so won’t be counted now’. There is no direct mention that she was involved in sewing banners or painting them for the cause, but it seems highly likely she did given the hub of artists at work in Kensington, many linked with the WSPU branch there. By 1913, she was Honorary Secretary of the Kensington branch and its was that year that her only known artistic contribution was made when she chalked pictures on pavements to raise funds for self-denial week. She resigned her position with the branch in 1913 when ruptures began to appear over the Kensington branch work with Sylvia Pankhurst in the East End of London, possibly because of the East End branch connections to socialist organisations and the tensions this caused with WSPU headquarters, later leading to Sylvia’s break with her mother and sister. In 1915, Mary became Honorary Secretary of the Kensington branch of the United Suffragists. Source: Elizabeth Crawford, Art and Suffrage: A Biographical Dictionary of Suffrage Artists (London, 2018).</text>
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                    <text>Mary is on the right with her sister Anna Maria on the left and Margaret Tanner standing . Source and credit: Thanks to Andrew Gillett Trust https://alfredgilletttrust.org/</text>
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                    <text>1911 census. Source: Courtesy The National Archives</text>
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              <text>Mary was born in 1830 in Newcastle. Her mother, Rachel Bragg, was a prominent anti-slavery agitator. Alongside her sister, Anna Maria, she signed the 1866 suffrage petition. Mary moved to Bristol with her sister in 1870, where they both lived at 37 Durdham Park until their deaths. Mary engaged in Tax non-payment alongside Anna Maria, where their dining chairs were removed to pay the tax until someone anonymously paid the fine, and their chairs were returned. Mary followed her older sister’s activism, being a member of the executive committee of the Women’s Liberal Federation in Bristol in 1898. She also became a member of the executive committee for the Union of Practical Suffragists, set up by her sister Anna Maria in 1896. Mary joined the WSPU alongside Anna Maria in 1907, with them jointly contributing £25 in 1908 and a further £10 in September and October 1909. She contributed to the election expenses of George Lansbury, a suffrage candidate supported by Christabel Pankhurst. She complied with the 1911 census alongside Anna Maria as by this time, like her sister, had instead become a member of the peaceful NUWSS. Due to her Quaker beliefs, Mary was a pacifist who was deeply concerned by the Boer War at its outbreak in 1899.  Mary died within 5 days of her older sister Anna Maria in October 1914, and it has been inferred they were heartbroken at the looming prospect of the Great War and one the loss of the other. Sources: Crawford, Elizabeth, The Women’s Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide, 18661928 (London, 1999); Liddington, Jill, Vanishing for the Vote: Suffrage, Citizenship and the Battle for the Census (Manchester 2014). Contributed by Becca Aspden, URSS student researcher, History Dept., Warwick University. </text>
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