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                    <text>Source: The National Archives.</text>
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              <text>Margaret Eleanor Sale (b. 1886) was Honorary Secretary for Ramsgate NUWSS. This information was published in The Common Cause, 4 July 1913 as part of promoting the NUWSS pilgrimage from Kent to London. In 1913, Margaret was recorded as at 19 Royal Crescent rather than at 8 Royal Crescent her prior address as recorded on the 1911 census. For more information see, Jennifer Godfrey, Suffragettes of Kent, (Pen &amp; Sword Ltd, 2019). Researched &amp; contributed by Jennifer Godfrey.</text>
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                    <text>Vera Conway-Gordon. Source &amp; courtesy: Medway Archives.</text>
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                    <text>Vera leads the NUWSS pilgrimage through Rochester. Source &amp; courtesy: Medway Archives.</text>
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                    <text>Source: The National Archives.</text>
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              <text>Vera (b. 1875) was Honorary Secretary for Rochester NUWSS.  This information was published in The Common Cause, 4 July 1913 as part of promoting the NUWSS pilgrimage from Kent to London. For more information see, Jennifer Godfrey, Suffragettes of Kent, (Pen &amp; Sword Ltd, 2019). Researched &amp; contributed by Jennifer Godfrey.</text>
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                    <text>Source: The National Archives.</text>
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              <text>Marjorie (b. 1887) was co-Honorary Secretary for Sevenoaks NUWSS. This information was published in The Common Cause, 4 July 1913 as part of promoting the NUWSS pilgrimage from Kent to London. The address given for this Society was Bulimba in Sevenoaks: this was the address of Marjorie’s co-Honorary Secretary (see) Mary Hemmant. Marjorie is referenced in a local newspaper article where she, Mary Hemmant and Mrs Percy Thompson, were congratulated for their arrangements for the arrival to Sevenoaks of the pilgrimage. In 1911, Marjorie lived with her father, William, a 62 year old widow, living on private means. For more information see, Jennifer Godfrey, Suffragettes of Kent, (Pen &amp; Sword Ltd, 2019). Researched &amp; contributed by Jennifer Godfrey.</text>
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                    <text>Source: The National Archives.</text>
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              <text>Bulimba, Lodge Gate/Kippington, Weald, Sevenoaks, Kent (now demolished)</text>
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              <text>Mary (1879 - 1950) was co-Honorary Secretary for Sevenoaks NUWSS. This information was published in The Common Cause, 4 July 1913 as part of promoting the NUWSS pilgrimage from Kent to London. Her co-Honorary Secretary was Marjorie Crombie-Hill (see her entry). Mary lived in a grand mansion: her father, William, had made his fortune from the wool trade in Australia. Bulimba was a large, grand, neo-Jacobean mansion built of ragstone in 22 acres next to St Mary’s Church in Kippington in 1890. Demolished in 1933, the land was sub-divided into 9 plots fronting Kippington Road and 11 fronting Oakhill Road. Mary is referenced in the newspaper reports of the Sevenoaks 1913 pilgrimage meetings alongside Australian actress and well-known women’s suffrage speaker, Muriel Matters. Muriel had been a founder member of the Women’s Freedom League (WFL), but in 1913 had left the WFL and joined the NUWSS. Mary is referenced in a local newspaper article where she, Marjorie Crombie-Hill and Mrs Percy Thompson, were congratulated for their arrangements for the arrival to Sevenoaks of the pilgrimage. In 1939, Mary still lived in Sevenoaks but at The Lodge, Bradbourne Road and her occupation was listed as ‘historical research work’. She never married.  She died in 1950. For more information see, Jennifer Godfrey, Suffragettes of Kent, (Pen &amp; Sword Ltd, 2019). Researched &amp; contributed by Jennifer Godfrey.</text>
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                    <text>The Tillard sisters standing in front of the WFL tour van in Kent. Charlotte Despard is in the window on the left and Alison Neilans on the right. Alison had taken over as van organiser for Muriel Matters at this stage in the tour. Source: The Women's Library, LSE.</text>
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                    <text>Violet scrawls a votes for women message across her 1911 census return. Source: The National Archives.</text>
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              <text>Violet (1874 - 1922) had a half sister Irene who was also involved with the suffrage movement. Violet was the eldest, born to the same father as Irene, name army officer George Tillard, but to his first wife, Louisa. Violet was a nurse and had trained at the Poplar and Great Ormond Street hospitals. She had already been involved in the suffrage movement at least a year before the WFL tour van arrived in her home town in 1908. Muriel Matters and Charlotte Despard were on board and their first stop on the Kent tour was Southborough, near Tunbridge Wells. Sisters Violet and Irene Tillard ran out to greet the van and then joined the tour. Violet and Muriel would remain lifelong friends, even boarding together in London in later years, and continued to campaign for women’s suffrage. Both were involved on 28 October 1908 in the large demonstration at the Palace of Westminster. Violet and Muriel together with Helen Fox and two male supporters went to the Houses of Parliament. Muriel and Helen chained themselves to a piece of ironwork known as ‘the grille’ in the Ladies’ Gallery that obscured their view of the parliamentary proceedings. Violet used string to attempt to lower a WFL proclamation ‘Women’s Freedom League demand votes for women’ to the floor of Parliament, while the two male supporters showered those in the House of Commons with WFL leaflets. All were removed from the House of Commons. Violet and Muriel then joined their comrades protesting outside and were later arrested trying to break the police lines. Both served a month in Holloway Prison. By 1911, Violet was boarding with Muriel Matters and Margaret Jewson in Lambeth. On her census Violet wrote: “No Vote No Census. Should women become persons in the eye of the law this session - full information will be forwarded.” The whereabouts of her half sister Irene is currently being investigated. She was not with her parents in Westwood, Southborough and may have been 'evading'. For more information see, Jennifer Godfrey, Suffragettes of Kent, (Pen &amp; Sword Ltd, 2019). Researched &amp; contributed by Jennifer Godfrey.</text>
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                    <text>Geoffrey, Florence, Mavis, Mervyn &amp; Elizabeth. Courtesy of Wightwick Manor Collections. Copyright National Trust.</text>
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                    <text>Florence Mander watercolour by Elinor M.Barnard. Courtesy of Wightwick Manor Collections. Copyright National Trust.</text>
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                    <text>Florence Mander centre, daughter Elizabeth left, Nanny right, taken in the 1930s. Courtesy of Wightwick Manor Collections. Copyright National Trust.</text>
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              <text>(Rosalind) Florence Caverhill (1886- 1956), a Canadian, married Geoffrey Mander in Montreal in 1906, moved to his home of Wightwick Manor (now National Trust), Wolverhampton and made it a family home, having three children. In the 1911 census 24-year-old Florence, is listed as head of the household at Wightwick (Geoffrey is absent). The other occupants of the house are her two young children, Mavis and Mervyn, and staff, including Emma Smith, the housekeeper. Florence shared with her husband an interest in photography. A large photographic archive at Wightwick includes photos she took of her family, friends and the staff who worked at the manor. She was also active locally in speaking out for women’s right to vote. In the 1912-1913 annual report of the Wolverhampton branch of the NUWSS Florence Mander is listed as a member and the following year her husband, Geoffrey, also joined. Florence and Geoffrey also supported the 1913 NUWSS pilgrimage, led by Millicent Fawcett. The annual report describes how, when the travellers stopped in Wolverhampton, they were met by members of the local society. A great meeting was then held in the marketplace which was supported by the couple. Florence, as a member of the Wolverhampton Women’s Suffrage Society, hosted a drawing room meeting at Wightwick on either the 1st or 2nd December 1913, where Alicia Bewicke, Mrs Archibald Little, spoke on ‘Women of the East and West’ with Geoffrey Mander presiding. Alicia had lived in China and spoke about the differing and similar conditions of women in both Chinese and British society. She published a journal examining gender inequality in China and included the words of Chinese women who spoke out against foot binding. Alicia also argued for women’s suffrage in England. Florence also hosted political functions for the Liberal Party at Wightwick and became president of the Wolverhampton Women’s Liberal Association. In a speech given in 1913, she stressed to the association her desire for votes for women, regretting the abandonment of woman’s suffrage at the  last session of parliament. After the Representation of the People Act of 1918, which granted some women including Florence the vote, the Manders Monthly Messages pamphlets (which we believe were distributed to the work force and perhaps local community) feature Florence talking about how important it was that women exercise their vote, stating in 1921: ‘Now that women have the vote we play a very important part in politics, and it is essential that we should see that our Candidate understands and sympathises with the women’s point of view, which is equally important as the man’s.’ This is the only such quote we have discovered from Florence in the archive, as she and Geoffrey later divorced. Researched and contributed by Hannah Squire (Assistant Curator, National Public Programmes, National Trust).</text>
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                    <text>Geoffrey, Florence  &amp; children in the Great Parlour at Wightwick Manor. Courtesy of Wightwick Manor Collections. Copyright National Trust.</text>
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                    <text>Geoffrey Mander (far left) electioneering. Courtesy of Wightwick Manor Collections. Copyright National Trust.</text>
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              <text>Geoffrey Mander (1882-1962) a Wolverhampton paint and varnish manufacturer and later liberal MP, inherited Wightwick Manor in 1900 and was an outspoken supporter of the Suffragist Movement and an advocate of women’s equality. Geoffrey does not appear on the 1911 census, and was likely abroad with Mander Brothers company commitments.&#13;
In 1912, Geoffrey spoke at a local Women’s Liberal Association meeting (records show that he had been attending and addressing these meetings since at least 1907) and argued that every woman over the age of 21 should be able to vote and should be allowed to have seats in Parliament and sit on the Wolverhampton Town Council. However, he did argue that while he hoped women would get the vote in the next two years, it was too big a demand to put forward at the present time. Geoffrey reiterated his commitment to women’s right to vote in the Manders Monthly Messages pamphlets, which we believe were distributed to the work force and perhaps the local community. A year later in 1913, Geoffrey formally joined the Wolverhampton Women’s Suffrage Society. He presided over a meeting of the local society at Wightwick, which his wife (see) Florence hosted the speaker, Alicia Bewicke, on ‘Women of the East and West’. Geoffrey, with his wife Florence, also supported the 1913 NUWSS pilgrimage, led by Millicent Fawcett. When the travellers stopped in Wolverhampton a great meeting was held in the marketplace which was supported by Geoffrey and Florence. Geoffrey later served in the House of Commons, 1929-1945, as a radical Liberal MP. He quickly built a reputation for his skilful use of ‘parliamentary questions’. He tirelessly argued for women’s rights on many issues, including: the need for more women magistrates and policewomen; for restrictions of hours laundry workers could work; for increased maternity benefit and more maternity accommodation; and asked why some London universities refused to allow women to train as doctors. Geoffrey also challenged the Home Secretary on the introduction of legislation with the object of ‘removing the sex disqualification which prevents women taking their seats in the House of Lords and differentiates them from men in respect of inheritance, contract and restraint on anticipation, and other matters, with a view to facilitating a League of Nations convention on equal rights for men and women?’ The Home Secretary declined. In 1931 he was also one of the MPs to put forward a Domestic Service Bill, to establish a commission and charter to ensure female domestic workers were not exploited, had proper training, working conditions, pay, holidays and accommodation. Researched and contributed by Hannah Squire (Assistant Curator, National Public Programmes, National Trust).&#13;
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                    <text>Mary Blathwayt taken by Col. Linley Blathwayt, 1911. Source: www.bathintime.co.uk</text>
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                    <text>Mary Blathwayt, Annie Kenney and Emmeline Pankhurst, taken by Col, Linley Blathwayt 1910, in the background is the Suffragettes Rest. Source: www.bathintime.co.uk</text>
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                    <text>Emily Blathwayt taken by Col. Linley Blathwayt, 1909. Source: www.bathintime.co.uk</text>
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                    <text>Mary Blathwayt’s umbrella displayed at the Fashion Museum, Bath. Source: authors own photograph (2018).</text>
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              <text>Mary Blathwayt was a suffragette from the city of Bath. Born in 1879, she was the first of two children of Col. Linley Blathwayt and Emily Blathwayt. Cynthia Hammond describes the family as: ‘decorous and comfortably well off, the Blathwayt’s were neither economically marginal nor revolutionary in their dress, comportment or social values’. Mary’s father purchased Eagle House on the outskirts of Bath in 1882 after retiring from service in India. The house was built by John Wood the elder, famous architect of Georgian Bath and it came with four acres of land. This land would later become the scene of many suffragette activities. Mary and her parents all were diarists, and it is from Mary and her mother's writings in particular that their suffrage activities can be revealed. Mary's diaries show her to be a shrewd woman with a tendency to write in a precise and detailed way. She recorded timings to the minute, for example, train journeys were a particular interest and mentioned frequently. She spent a lot of time cycling, swimming and even shooting. Her bicycle in particular enabled Mary to travel frequently into Bath and partake in many suffrage activities. Mary taught violin lessons at Eagle House and outside of her home she was involved in many societies. By 1906, Mary had joined the WSPU and then the NUWSS in 1907. Perhaps the most well-known suffrage activity that occurred in Bath was in fact, the collaborative work of the Blathwayt family in their own garden. In April 1909, Emily Blathwayt wrote in her diary that the ‘idea of a field of trees grows.’ No one knows exactly where the idea came from, but it was perhaps influenced by frequent visitor Annie Kenney; the field of trees was known as ‘Annie’s Arboretum’. Around sixty women visited Eagle House, including the Pankhursts, and planted a tree in their name in response to the political torture faced in prisons from forcible feeding. Eagle House was a place of sanctuary and had a special summerhouse called ‘Suffragettes Rest’ where women could practice speeches, write letters and recover. Mary developed a particularly close friendship with Annie Kenney and assisted her with the West of England campaigning and moved to Bristol with her for a short while. By 1911, Mary had moved back home as the campaigning had taken a strain on her health. A few days before the census, the Bath Chronicle reported that the ‘Suffragettes of this City and district, who are bent on evading the Census return are making elaborate plans for next Sunday night’. The Bath WSPU organiser Mrs Mansel rented 12 Lansdown Crescent for women to hide and spend the night in on the 2nd of April 1911 to evade the census. Mary described the evening: ‘I got there before 10 o’ clock. A little crowd of people were standing in the doorway...I took a nightdress etc. with me...we had a charming room to hold our meeting.’ After Emily Blathwayt resigned on the 8th of September 1909, Mary resigned from the WSPU in June 1913. She was still active but strictly non-militant. Militancy only got worse in Bath after this. On the 15th of May 1917 a Women’s Suffrage Bill was introduced and passed on the 6th of February 1918. Women obtained full voting rights in July 1928. Mary made no comment in her diary. Contributed by Ellis Naylor (BA, MA) Bath Spa University. Sources used: Gloucestershire Archives, D2659, Mary Blathwayt, Diary Gloucestershire Archives, D2659, Emily Blathwayt, Diary Bath Chronicle and Weekly Gazette (1906-1913) Crawford, Elizabeth, The Women’s Suffrage Movement: Reference Guide 1866-1928, (Routledge, 2003); Hammond, Cynthia, Architects, Angels, Activists and the City of Bath, 1765- 1965: Engaging with Women’s Spatial Interventions in Buildings and Landscape, (Routledge, 2016); Hammond, Cynthia and Brown, Dan, Suffragettes in Bath, Activism in an Edwardian Arboretum, (Bath in Time, 2011); Hammond, Cynthia ‘Suffragette City: Spacial Knowledge and Suffrage Work in Bath, 1909-14’, in Bath History Volume XIII, ed. By Graham Davis, (Bath Spa University, 2013); Hannam, June, ‘“Suffragettes are Splendid for Any Work”: The Blathwayt Diaries as A Source for Suffrage History’ in A Suffrage Reader, Charting directions in British suffrage history, ed. By Claire Eustance, Joan Ryan, Laura Ugolini (Leicester University Press, 2000); June Hannam, ‘Suffragette Photographs’, Regional Historian, 8, (2002); Wilmott Dobbie, B. M. , A Nest of Suffragettes in Somerset, (The Batheaston Society, 1979).</text>
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                    <text>Manchester suffragettes in their 'census lodge' Denison House on census night. Source: courtesy of Lt Col. Sydney Brock's Collection (private).</text>
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                    <text>Manchester census 'sleepover' at Denison House in 1911. Source: courtesy Lt Col. Sydney Brock Collection (private).</text>
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                    <text>Source: courtesy The National Archives</text>
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                    <text>Denison House survives and is currently used as a Chinese consulate building. Source: http://manchester.china-consulate.org/eng/zlsg/zlgxx/t142849.htm</text>
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              <text>Jessie (Sara) Stephenson (1873-1966) was born in Louth, Lincolnshire. Her father was a farmer and she grew up in a family with very strict views on women’s roles linked to the private, domestic sphere. However, despite her parents’ initial reluctance, Jessie moved abroad and lived in Germany and France with their consent, while working as an English teacher. In 1907, she started campaigning for the votes for women campaign with the WSPU. On 21 June 1908, she was the chief Marshall of the Paddington section of the WSPU rally in Hyde Park, speaking from platform no. 20. A few days later she was chosen to take part in a WSPU deputation to the House of Commons. She managed to enter the House of Commons, and almost succeeded in entering the Central Hall according to her own accounts. In November 1910, she was arrested after breaking a window to protest about police brutality against suffrage activists in Parliament Square during "Black Friday". She was sentenced to one month's imprisonment in Holloway, losing her job as a secretary to a barrister and her family’s support. In 1911 she went to Manchester to work as a WSPU organizer. In April, she organised a census night protest for women who wanted to evade the census without legal consequences. She rented Denison House (see images) - her census lodge - and publicly invited ‘every woman who could help in this great protest’, announcing lodging and entertainment there on 2nd April from 4pm through to 3rd April at 4pm in the WSPU newspaper Votes for Women. On census night, 208 people participated in the protest there (see images) including figures such as Flora Drummond and Mabel Capper. In her autobiographical account, Jessie wrote that she filled in the census schedule herself writing: “this house is crowded with women who refuse to fill in the Census until women are recognised as persons and have the vote”. However, the document available from The National Archives (see image) is not the form she described. Instead, it is filled in and signed by the registrar. Only Jessie’s name is recorded as an ‘Organizing Secretary WSPU’, 'about 40 years old' and single, along with 155 other women and 52 men present. The registrar noted ‘suffragists here to avoid census’. Sources: Jill Liddington (2014) Vanishing for the Vote: Suffrage, Citizenship and the Battle for the Census (Manchester: Manchester Uni Press); Elizabeth Crawford (1999) The Women's Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide 1866-1928 (London: Routledge). Contributed by Oihane Etayo (Warwick University).</text>
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                    <text>Dr. Mary Charlotte Murdoch. Source: https://www.carnegiehull.co.uk/hull-firsts/dr-mary-murdoch.php</text>
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                    <text> Dr. Mary Charlotte Murdoch. Source: Hull History Centre.</text>
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                    <text>Mary's 1911 census form. Source: courtesy The National Archives.</text>
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                    <text>Recent photograph of Mary Murdoch's address at 102 Beverly Road, Hull, now offices. Source: https://www.hull-humber-chamber.co.uk</text>
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                    <text>Commemorative plaque dedicated to Dr Mary Murdoch, located on her former home in Beverley Road. Source: photograph by Yvonne Inall for the Remember Me project, Hull, at https://remembermeproject.wordpress.com/2017/04/05/dr-mary-murdoch-1864-1916-a-woman-doctor-of-hull/</text>
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              <text>Mary Charlotte Murdoch was born in Elgin in 1864, daughter of Jane and solicitor William Murdoch and was the youngest of six children. She started her education in Elgin before attending Manor Mount Girls' Collegiate School at Forest Hill in south London, before moving to Lausanne in Switzerland. She returned to Elgin in 1883 and, after her mother's death, she attended the London School of Medicine for Women in 1888. It was during her studies in London, that she started attending meetings about the women’s suffrage cause. Mary finished her qualifications in Scotland in 1892 and completed a midwifery course at the Maternity Hospital in Brighton. Her first professional experiences were in London as clinical assistant under Helen Webb in the New Hospital for Women and under Helen Mackenzie's outpatient department at Brompton Hospital. In 1893, Mary was appointed house-surgeon at the Victoria Hospital for Children in Hull; in 1895 she became assistant medical officer at the Tottenham Fever Hospital, where she gained experience with infectious diseases; and in 1896 she returned to Hull and became the first woman to practice medicine there. Eventually, Mary set up a private practice in Hull, bringing suffragist Louisa Martindale into the partnership in 1900, and she was also appointed honorary assistant physician to the Victoria Hospital for Children becoming in 1910 , honorary senior physician. She had been a member of the British Medical Association since 1894; took an active role in the Association of Registered Medical Women; and as a lecturer at the London School of Medicine for Women. Mary Murdoch was well-known and respected  as a good diagnostician, and researcher of pericarditis as well as vaccine treatments. In addition, Mary had not forgotten those early suffrage meetings and became a very active public speaker for the cause of women’s suffrage; fearless despite the risk to her professional reputation. In 1904, she founded and chaired the Hull Women’s Suffrage Society, affiliated to the NUWSS. However, after the NUWSS publicly rejected militant tactics in 1909, Mary resigned and joined the WSPU instead, although she remained critical of its autocratic structure and the progression of more violent militancy. Despite her departure from the NUWSS, Mary continued as one of its leader, Millicent Fawcett’s, close friends. In 1911, she even represented her at the meeting of the International Council of Women (ICW) held in Stockholm and in 1913 at the meeting of the standing committee of the ICW at the Hague. She complied with the 1911 census, despite belonging to the WSPU who encouraged its boycott. It is not clear what informed her decision, but perhaps as a clinician, she recognised the potential value of gathering census population statistics on issues relating to health and social conditions such as infant mortality rates, to argue for reform. Sadly, Mary Murdoch died at home in 1916, following a short illness after attending an emergency call in difficult, snowy conditions.' Sources: K. Cockin (2005) entry - Murdoch, Mary Charlotte (1864–1916), physician and suffragist, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography;&#13;
Elizabeth Crawford (1999) The Women's Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide 1866-1928 (London: Routledge); Jill Liddington (2014) Vanishing for the Vote: Suffrage, Citizenship and the Battle for the Census, (Manchester: Manchester Uni Press). Contributed by Oihane Etayo (Warwick University).</text>
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