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                    <text>Source: Courtesy the National Archives.</text>
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                    <text>Illustration of Louisa Churchman  created &amp; submitted by Malcom Bull.</text>
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              <text>Louisa Jane Churchman (1868-1943), eldest daughter of a Horsham grocer and wine merchant, was living in 1911 at 5 Middle Street with her widowed mother, sister Emmeline, and three ‘domestics’. In January 1910 she and her mother were on the platform at a crowded meeting at the King’s Head addressed by Florence Basden and Annette Verrall, chair and treasurer respectively of the Brighton and Hove Women’s Franchise Society. That summer, at a meeting at Horsham Park chaired by Brighton’s (see) Flora de Gaudrion Merrifield, the Horsham Suffrage Society, was formed. As default secretary of the HSS, Louisa resigned from the local Women Liberals Association, of which she was treasurer, because of the Liberal Government’s disdain of the Conciliation Bill offering to enfranchise single women householders and actively supported Florence de Fonblanque’s Horsham-based suffragist Marchers Qui Vive. In 1914 Louisa and Emmeline resigned as secretaries of the local Church of England Temperance Society because of the exclusion of women from the Chichester Diocesan Synod, declaring that they would henceforth devote themselves to women’s suffrage. When the NUWSS subsequently announced its suspension of political work, it was to Louisa Churchman that local offers of personal service were to be made. War work undertaken by HSS ranged from fruit bottling to fund-raising for the NUWSS Scottish Women’s Hospitals. Following the partial granting of the vote to women in February 1918, Louisa formed Horsham branches of the Women Citizen’s Association, affiliated to the National Union of Societies for Equal Citizenship, and of the League of Nations Association. In the 1920s, now a committed Labour Party member, she identified herself with Labour Parliamentary candidates. In 1923 she became Horsham’s first woman JP; in 1934 she was elected a County Councillor. On her death in 1943 tributes filled the front and back pages of the West Sussex County Times. Contributed by: Independent researcher and writer, Frances Stenlake.&#13;
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                    <text>Portrait of Louisa Martindale by Clara Ewald, Martindale Centre, Horsted Keynes. By kind permission of Horsted Keynes Parochial Church Council.</text>
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                    <text>Louisa Martindale 1911 census. Source: courtesy The National Archives.</text>
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              <text>Louisa Martindale belonged to a prominent Congregationalist family: her brother Sir Albert Spicer, a Liberal politician, was a vice-President of the National Women’s Suffrage Society; her brother Augustin Spicer and his wife held suffragist gatherings at their home, Franklyns, Wivelsfield, near Haywards Heath. Louisa Martindale was well-known as a women’s suffrage campaigner when she moved to Cheeleys, Horsted Keynes in 1903. During the 1890s, as President of the Brighton Women Liberals Association (WLA), and Vice-President of the Burgess Hill WLA, she called for equal voting rights with men and joined the executive committee of the newly-formed Practical Suffragists within the Women Liberals Federation. In 1904, with (see) Marie, Margery and Cicely Corbett, she attended the International Congress of Women in Berlin at which the International Women’s Suffrage Alliance was founded. The portrait of Louisa by the German artist Clara Ewald shows her sitting behind a desk on which rests a volume inscribed ‘International Frauen Congress 1904‘. Meetings held by the Liberals in Horsted Keynes included a ‘Call to Women’ in 1906 at which Louisa and the Corbetts urged women to take part in local government. In 1907, Louisa invited the Brighton and Hove branch of the WSPU and local WLA members to a garden party at Cheeleys at which the speakers were Emmeline Pankhurst and Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence. In June 1910, referring to over 40 years’ campaigning on her own part, she acknowledged that the WSPU’s ‘militant ways’ had ‘worked wonders and roused our sex as we could not’. Soon afterwards, however, she hosted the inaugural meeting of the Horsted Keynes branch of the constitutional Cuckfield and Central Sussex Women’s Suffrage Society in the Congregational Hall. This had been built thanks to her efforts and she had appointed as its first pastor Hatty Baker, founder of the Free Church League for Women’s Suffrage. Subsequent suffragist meetings in the Congregational Hall, included two talks in February 1911 by Lady Stout, whose husband had been Premier of New Zealand: on the advantages of women having the vote there, and on ‘Temperance Reform and Social Progress’, a subject of particular interest to Louisa. The following month Louisa was on the platform at a Cuckfield and Central Sussex Women’s Suffrage Society meeting in the Congregational Hall to support ‘distinguished non-militant suffragists,’ Lady Sybil Brassey and Lady Betty Balfour. In 1910 the Brighton and Hove Women’s Franchise Society acted upon Louisa’s proposal that a Women’s Local Government Association be formed to encourage women to stand for election. Louisa’s elder daughter, Dr Louisa Martindale, was a committee member of this branch of the NUWSS, and a pioneering specialist in women’s health. Mother and daughter were centrally involved in the establishment of Brighton’s Lady Chichester Hospital for Women and Girls, run entirely by women. Louisa’s younger daughter, Hilda, at this time a factory inspector, was also to spend her career working for women’s rights. The Congregational Hall is now known as the Martindale Centre; a memorial plaque there describes Louisa as ‘a champion of a larger life for women’. Contributed by independent researcher and writer, Frances Stenlake. Sources: Mid Sussex Times; Sussex Express; Kent and Sussex Courier; Brighton Gazette; Common Cause; Votes for Women.</text>
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              <text>Lucy Dilger was born in 1880, the daughter of Dominic and Mary Clara Dilger immigrants from Baden in Germany. She was an assistant school mistress in 1911 when the family were living at 10 Clifton Street, Wolverhampton. We know little else about Lucy at this time except that she belonged to the Wolverhampton branch of the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies. She was listed as Superintendent of the Entertainment Department, 1912-1914, and the “Misses Dilger” were actively involved collecting subscriptions and delivering notices in the district of Tettenhall Road. The Society’s annual report 1913 – 1914 also includes an account of a play produced by a Miss Dilger, entitled “The Better Half”, in January 1914, and that “The majority of the characters were excellently portrayed, and all who attended will, we feel sure, be glad to learn they helped to add a very substantial sum to our exchequer.” Lucy never married, and died in Hove, Sussex, in 1946. Contributed by Heidi McIntosh, Senior Archivist, Wolverhampton Archives. Can you tell us more about the Dilger family? Could you be related? Could you provide a photograph of the house or street? If so please contact us via the project website. </text>
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                    <text>Minnie Baldock. Source: The Women's Library at LSE</text>
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                    <text>Minnie's home at 490 Barking Road, London. Source: www. nowandthen.org</text>
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              <text>Lucy Minnie Baldock was a working-class suffrage campaigner and member of the WSPU. Her activism was closely connected to the concerns of working-class women in East London. She was born Minnie Rogers into a poor family in Bow, East London. She worked in the hard conditions of a factory from a young age to support herself. In the 1880s, Minnie met and married Harry Baldock and they had two sons. They joined the Independent Labour Party (ILP) and supported the struggle for women’s suffrage. She became an activist for working-class causes and organised working women like herself to campaign. In 1903 she organised a meeting to protest the low wages that West Ham Council proposed to pay women working in its tramway department. In 1905, she stood as a candidate for election to the West Ham Board of Guardians. In 1906, Minnie was chairwoman of the Unemployed Women of Southwest Ham (UWSWH) group and organised for WSPU member Annie Kenney speak to them. As a result, the UWSWH voted to become the Canning Town branch of the WSPU – the very first branch in London. Her increasing involvement in militant suffrage campaigning led to her arrest on 23 October 1906 for disorderly conduct in Old Palace Yard at Westminster during the opening of Parliament. After refusing to be bound over, she was sentenced to two months imprisonment. By 1907, the WSPU was increasingly attempting to attract wealthier middle-class supporters, while Baldock was used to articulate the demand of respectable working-class women for the vote. She became an active speaker for the movement and during the January 1910 general election spoke at campaign meetings across London. She once used a megaphone to repeatedly shout out about votes for women in Parliament Square. Minnie’s imprisonments put a financial strain on her family, and wealthier women sent money to her husband to help. Harry was very supportive of Minnie, saying at a WSPU meeting in Hyde Park that ‘I am proud to be the husband of such a woman… and I glory in her courage.’ Baldock continued working for the WSPU into 1911 and was among the suffragettes who boycotted the 1911 census survey while living at 490 Barking Road. Her main period of WSPU activism came to an end in July 1911 when she became seriously ill with cancer and underwent an operation at the New Hospital for Women. Her involvement did not end immediately however, as she was still receiving requests to speak at suffrage meetings in mid-1912. She continued to be a supporter of and advocate for women’s rights until her death in 1954. Sources: E. Crawford, The Women's Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide (London); Spartacus Educational; The Women's Library at LSE. Contributed by Elizabeth Von Valtenberg, undergraduate history researcher, University of Warwick.&#13;
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                    <text>Source: The National Archives.</text>
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                    <text>NUWSS shop, Crescent Road, Tunbridge Wells. Source: courtesy The Women's Library, LSE.</text>
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              <text>Lydia (1843-1927) was the Treasurer of the Tunbridge Wells Women’s Suffrage Society. On the 1911 census, by the names of two of Lydia’s servants was written ’suffragist’ (see Sarah Reynolds and Caroline Marchant). No further information is known at this stage about any involvement they may have had in the suffrage movement. Lydia’s family began by supporting the WSPU.  In 1908 her daughters Dorothy and (see) May, with friend Gladys Sherris (Henfield) were driven by Lydia’s elder son from Tunbridge Wells to London to participate in the WSPU 21st of June procession. Their motor car was described as being ‘brilliantly decorated for the occasion, with rosettes in green, white and purple’ and with a small “Votes for Women” placard fixed in front of the car and a large notice advertising the demonstration hanging out at the back. Later that year, however, Dorothy was to found the Tunbridge Wells branch of the WFL. Another of Lydia’s daughters, Kate, was arrested after taking part in a WSPU demonstration in November 1910. Lydia participated in the NUWSS pilgrimage from Kent to London in 1913 entertaining 30 to 40 guests at her house. In the same year, a Miss Le Lacheur attended a meeting about the Tunbridge Wells Nevill Cricket Ground which had been destroyed by suffragettes in an arson attack. This was probably Dorothy who with two other women interrupted the meeting and kept interjecting questions to those speaking against women’s suffrage. For more information see  Jennifer Godfrey, Suffragettes of Kent, (Pen &amp; Sword Ltd, 2019). Researched &amp; contributed by Jennifer Godfrey with thanks to Frances Stenlake for additional advice.</text>
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              <text>The Moor House, Widemarsh Common, Hereford </text>
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              <text>Mabel Chave was the daughter of local chemist William Chave who ran a shop in Broad Street in Hereford. She was born in 1869 and had an elder sister Florence, who does not appear to have played a part in the women's suffrage movement. Mr Chave went on to be elected to the town council in 1886, became mayor in 1891, and a JP in 1893. He died in 1909 and it appears Mabel started campaigning for women's suffrage after his death. She is mentioned in the NUWSS newspaper The Common Cause in 1912, alongside (see) Reverend George and Ethel Davis. She also became a member of the Church League for Womens Suffrage in 1912. Mabel complied with the census in 1911, describing herself as being of "private means". She died in 1920, leaving over £3,000 to her sister. Contributed by Herefordshire community fundraiser Clare Wichbold, MBE.</text>
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              <text>The Grange, Matfield, Kent</text>
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              <text>Mabel (b. 1876) was Honorary Secretary for Pembury, Matfield and Brenchley NUWSS. This information was published in The Common Cause, 4 July 1913 as part of promoting the NUWSS pilgrimage from Kent to London. She was from Wranby in Lincolnshire and was a Governess at the school in The Grange, Matfield, Brenchley, Kent. For more information see, Jennifer Godfrey, Suffragettes of Kent, (Pen &amp; Sword Ltd, 2019). Researched &amp; contributed by Jennifer Godfrey.</text>
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                    <text>Source: Margaret Ashton (front row, 3rd from left). Source: Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser, Wednesday 27 October 1909. Courtesy The Women's Library TWL.2004.524. </text>
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                    <text>Source: Manchester City Art Galleries / Estate of Henry Lamb.</text>
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                    <text>Courtesy: The National Archives.</text>
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                    <text>British delegation at the 2nd international conference held by the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom conference, Zurich, 1919. See Margaret Ashton back row, far left. Source: Courtesy The Women's Library (LSE) WILPF/22/1.</text>
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Crawford, The Women's Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide 1866-1928 (London, 1999). Contributed by: Oihane Etayo, Warwick University.</text>
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&#13;
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