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                    <text>Portrait of Louisa Martindale by Clara Ewald, Martindale Centre, Horsted Keynes. By kind permission of Horsted Keynes Parochial Church Council.</text>
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                    <text>Louisa Martindale 1911 census. Source: courtesy The National Archives.</text>
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              <text>Louisa Martindale belonged to a prominent Congregationalist family: her brother Sir Albert Spicer, a Liberal politician, was a vice-President of the National Women’s Suffrage Society; her brother Augustin Spicer and his wife held suffragist gatherings at their home, Franklyns, Wivelsfield, near Haywards Heath. Louisa Martindale was well-known as a women’s suffrage campaigner when she moved to Cheeleys, Horsted Keynes in 1903. During the 1890s, as President of the Brighton Women Liberals Association (WLA), and Vice-President of the Burgess Hill WLA, she called for equal voting rights with men and joined the executive committee of the newly-formed Practical Suffragists within the Women Liberals Federation. In 1904, with (see) Marie, Margery and Cicely Corbett, she attended the International Congress of Women in Berlin at which the International Women’s Suffrage Alliance was founded. The portrait of Louisa by the German artist Clara Ewald shows her sitting behind a desk on which rests a volume inscribed ‘International Frauen Congress 1904‘. Meetings held by the Liberals in Horsted Keynes included a ‘Call to Women’ in 1906 at which Louisa and the Corbetts urged women to take part in local government. In 1907, Louisa invited the Brighton and Hove branch of the WSPU and local WLA members to a garden party at Cheeleys at which the speakers were Emmeline Pankhurst and Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence. In June 1910, referring to over 40 years’ campaigning on her own part, she acknowledged that the WSPU’s ‘militant ways’ had ‘worked wonders and roused our sex as we could not’. Soon afterwards, however, she hosted the inaugural meeting of the Horsted Keynes branch of the constitutional Cuckfield and Central Sussex Women’s Suffrage Society in the Congregational Hall. This had been built thanks to her efforts and she had appointed as its first pastor Hatty Baker, founder of the Free Church League for Women’s Suffrage. Subsequent suffragist meetings in the Congregational Hall, included two talks in February 1911 by Lady Stout, whose husband had been Premier of New Zealand: on the advantages of women having the vote there, and on ‘Temperance Reform and Social Progress’, a subject of particular interest to Louisa. The following month Louisa was on the platform at a Cuckfield and Central Sussex Women’s Suffrage Society meeting in the Congregational Hall to support ‘distinguished non-militant suffragists,’ Lady Sybil Brassey and Lady Betty Balfour. In 1910 the Brighton and Hove Women’s Franchise Society acted upon Louisa’s proposal that a Women’s Local Government Association be formed to encourage women to stand for election. Louisa’s elder daughter, Dr Louisa Martindale, was a committee member of this branch of the NUWSS, and a pioneering specialist in women’s health. Mother and daughter were centrally involved in the establishment of Brighton’s Lady Chichester Hospital for Women and Girls, run entirely by women. Louisa’s younger daughter, Hilda, at this time a factory inspector, was also to spend her career working for women’s rights. The Congregational Hall is now known as the Martindale Centre; a memorial plaque there describes Louisa as ‘a champion of a larger life for women’. Contributed by independent researcher and writer, Frances Stenlake. Sources: Mid Sussex Times; Sussex Express; Kent and Sussex Courier; Brighton Gazette; Common Cause; Votes for Women.</text>
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                    <text>Ethel as a Postwoman during the First World War. Source &amp; copyright permissions, Ethel Baldock's family.</text>
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                    <text>Ethel's 1911 census form. Courtesy: The National Archives.</text>
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                    <text>Ethel (far left, holding a book) with her father, new stepmother Martha &amp; family in 1899. Courtesy &amp; copyright permission, Ethel Baldock's family.</text>
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              <text>40 Little Mount Sion, Tunbridge Wells, Kent</text>
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              <text>Ethel Violet Baldock (1893 to 1939) was born in Gravesend, Kent to Frances Elizabeth and Samuel Baldock.  She was their fifth daughter, one of eight children (six girls and two boys).  Ethel’s mother and one of her sisters (aged 7 years) died in 1899 from meningitis.  Ethel’s father employed a housekeeper, Martha Nelson and she and her daughter, May, moved into the house.  Samuel Baldock married Martha shortly after this.  Ethel and her siblings did not get along with Martha or May.   The Baldock girls all went into service at 12 years old and were found ‘good’ positions by their Aunt Jane (their father’s sister).  In 1911 Ethel was living with one of her older sisters, Florence, and her husband but worked elsewhere in a Tunbridge Wells hotel as a house maid/waitress.  Records have not yet been identified listing Ethel as a WSPU or other suffrage society member but in 1912 she participated in the WSPU window smashing campaign.  Ethel was arrested with well-known suffragette, Violet Bland, for smashing the window of the Commercial Cable building at 1 Northumberland Avenue on 1st March 1912.  They, along with nearly 200 other women arrested for window smashing were held in Holloway prison. These women were called ‘vitrifragists’, or ‘glass-breakers’ by a newspaper.  Emmeline Pankhurst was among those arrested and imprisoned that night.  Ethel and Violet had a hearing on 9 March and were charged and committed to trial on 26th March.   At the trial, Ethel was released and Violet sentenced to 4 months’ imprisonment.  Violet was sent to Aylesbury prison, she immediately went on hunger strike and was forcibly fed.  Violet stated in their trial that she had been provoked to participate in the window smashing because of MP Mr Hobhouse’s words.  He had said that universal suffrage was not the majority view as women had not destroyed property like men had during the 1832 Reform Act riots.  It is not clear what, if anything, Ethel said at their trial but it is possible that she had heard either first or second hand Mr Hobhouse’s speech as he had visited and spoken at a meeting in Tunbridge Wells in January 1912.  It is unknown if Ethel was ever in touch with Violet again.  She went on to marry Arthur Hodge in 1915 and had one son, Donald, in 1919.  To learn more about Ethel’s story, see, Jennifer Godfrey, Suffragettes of Kent, (Pen &amp; Sword Ltd, 2019). Researched &amp; contributed by Jennifer Godfrey. </text>
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              <text>Katherine Felicia Harvey (1870 - 1946) was also known as Catherine Harvey, Felicia Kate Harvey and Katherine Felicia Harvey. She was profoundly deaf, had been married to Frank Harvey with 3 daughters, but was widowed at a young age. She was a physiotherapist and an early practitioner of physical therapy with the disabled children she cared for. In that time, this was extremely unusual: society was such that women were not encouraged to work in the medical profession and certainly not in roles that required physical contact. Kate had a long history of association with the suffrage movement. In 1882, a meeting of the Bromley, Beckenham and Shortlands Women’s Suffrage Society was held at her house and she was secretary. The following year the Society held its first annual general meeting at her house. Kate was a leading member of the WFL from 1910, and in 1911 assisted leader Charlotte Despard with the King George V Women’s Coronation Procession. Kate and Charlotte Despard became close friends: recorded in Charlotte’s diary on 12 January 1912, is ‘the anniversary of our love’ which has caused much speculation as to the exact nature of Kate and Charlotte’s relationship. In the 1911 census, the enumerator wrote ‘House filled with suffragettes who refuse information.’ Kate was also a member of the Women’s Tax Resistance League (WTRL) and engaged in a 2-year battle with Kent County Council for refusing to pay a stamp to obtain a licence for her gardener. For 8-months’ Kate barricaded herself in her house to avoid being arrested. The barricade was broken by bailiffs and she was arrested. In August 1913, Kate refused to pay and was sentenced to 2-months’ in Holloway. Kate was the first person sentenced under the Insurance Act: protests were made about the inequality of Kate’s treatment in comparison to the fines imposed on men for the same offence. Kate only served 1-month of her sentence due to concerns for her health.  She received a suffragist’s prison medal for her courage. For more information see, Jennifer Godfrey, Suffragettes of Kent, (Pen &amp; Sword Ltd, 2019). Researched &amp; contributed by Jennifer Godfrey.</text>
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                    <text>Alice's 1911 census form. Courtesy: The National Archives.</text>
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              <text>Alice was a teacher in a county council school and boarded with another county school teacher and his wife and three children.  Although Alice complied with the 1911 census, she must have referred to the WFL as it was noted by the enumerator.  In a 1914 copy of The Vote, Alice is listed as taking the chair at a London meeting of the WFL. For more information see, Jennifer Godfrey, Suffragettes of Kent, (Pen &amp; Sword Ltd, 2019). Researched &amp; contributed by Jennifer Godfrey.</text>
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        <name>WFL</name>
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                <name>Rights</name>
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                    <text>Source: The National Archives.</text>
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        <src>https://olive-civet.lnx.warwick.ac.uk/files/original/6ee46e7a36a8a5f366af5fd178a8b0c7.jpg</src>
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              <element elementId="47">
                <name>Rights</name>
                <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                    <text>NUWSS shop, Crescent Road, Tunbridge Wells. Source: courtesy The Women's Library, LSE.</text>
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      <description>A record of a person related to the Mapping Women's Suffrage project</description>
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        <element elementId="34">
          <name>Occupation</name>
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              <text>Treasurer, Tunbridge Wells Women’s Suffrage Society</text>
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        <element elementId="53">
          <name>Age</name>
          <description>The age of this person at the time of the 1911 UK Census</description>
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              <text>68</text>
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          <name>Marital Status</name>
          <description>The marital status of this person at the time of the 1911 UK Census</description>
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              <text>Widow</text>
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          <name>Address</name>
          <description>The address of this person at the time of the 1911 UK Census</description>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2609">
              <text>The Wildernesse, Pembury Road, Tunbridge Wells, Kent</text>
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          <name>Suffrage Society</name>
          <description>The suffrage society this person was affiliated with at the time of the 1911 UK Census</description>
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              <text>NUWSS</text>
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        <element elementId="57">
          <name>Census</name>
          <description>This person's response to the 1911 UK Census</description>
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              <text>Complies</text>
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              <text>Lydia (1843-1927) was the Treasurer of the Tunbridge Wells Women’s Suffrage Society. On the 1911 census, by the names of two of Lydia’s servants was written ’suffragist’ (see Sarah Reynolds and Caroline Marchant). No further information is known at this stage about any involvement they may have had in the suffrage movement. Lydia’s family began by supporting the WSPU.  In 1908 her daughters Dorothy and (see) May, with friend Gladys Sherris (Henfield) were driven by Lydia’s elder son from Tunbridge Wells to London to participate in the WSPU 21st of June procession. Their motor car was described as being ‘brilliantly decorated for the occasion, with rosettes in green, white and purple’ and with a small “Votes for Women” placard fixed in front of the car and a large notice advertising the demonstration hanging out at the back. Later that year, however, Dorothy was to found the Tunbridge Wells branch of the WFL. Another of Lydia’s daughters, Kate, was arrested after taking part in a WSPU demonstration in November 1910. Lydia participated in the NUWSS pilgrimage from Kent to London in 1913 entertaining 30 to 40 guests at her house. In the same year, a Miss Le Lacheur attended a meeting about the Tunbridge Wells Nevill Cricket Ground which had been destroyed by suffragettes in an arson attack. This was probably Dorothy who with two other women interrupted the meeting and kept interjecting questions to those speaking against women’s suffrage. For more information see  Jennifer Godfrey, Suffragettes of Kent, (Pen &amp; Sword Ltd, 2019). Researched &amp; contributed by Jennifer Godfrey with thanks to Frances Stenlake for additional advice.</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Lydia Le Lacheur</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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        <name>NUWSS</name>
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        <src>https://olive-civet.lnx.warwick.ac.uk/files/original/e01f8091e18cd2ef2873ba5d7726fff0.jpg</src>
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              <element elementId="47">
                <name>Rights</name>
                <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                    <text>Sarah 'resists' by identifying as 'Cook Suffragist' under occupation on the 1911 census. Source: The National Archives.</text>
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          <name>Age</name>
          <description>The age of this person at the time of the 1911 UK Census</description>
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              <text>60</text>
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          <name>Marital Status</name>
          <description>The marital status of this person at the time of the 1911 UK Census</description>
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              <text>Single</text>
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        <element elementId="55">
          <name>Address</name>
          <description>The address of this person at the time of the 1911 UK Census</description>
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              <text>The Wildernesse, Pembury Road, Tunbridge Wells, Kent</text>
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          <name>Suffrage Society</name>
          <description>The suffrage society this person was affiliated with at the time of the 1911 UK Census</description>
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              <text>NUWSS</text>
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        <element elementId="57">
          <name>Census</name>
          <description>This person's response to the 1911 UK Census</description>
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              <text>Complies</text>
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              <text>Sarah (b.1851) had been a cook for the Le Lacheur family for at least 10 years. No other information about her interest or involvement in the suffrage movement is known. On the 1911 census for occupation she included ‘Cook Suffragist’ making her belief in the movement known though she complied in all other respects. For more information see, Jennifer Godfrey, Suffragettes of Kent, (Pen &amp; Sword Ltd, 2019). Researched &amp; contributed by Jennifer Godfrey.</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2615">
                <text>Sarah Reynolds</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>||||osm&#13;
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        <name>NUWSS</name>
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  <item itemId="274" public="1" featured="0">
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        <src>https://olive-civet.lnx.warwick.ac.uk/files/original/476035574a643d4fb3c3dc6590b71c0a.jpg</src>
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              <element elementId="47">
                <name>Rights</name>
                <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                    <text>Caroline 'resists' identifying as 'Nurse Suffragist' under occupation on the 1911 census form. Source: The National Archives.</text>
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      <description>A record of a person related to the Mapping Women's Suffrage project</description>
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          <name>Occupation</name>
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              <text>Nurse</text>
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        <element elementId="53">
          <name>Age</name>
          <description>The age of this person at the time of the 1911 UK Census</description>
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              <text>64</text>
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        <element elementId="54">
          <name>Marital Status</name>
          <description>The marital status of this person at the time of the 1911 UK Census</description>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2626">
              <text>Single</text>
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        <element elementId="55">
          <name>Address</name>
          <description>The address of this person at the time of the 1911 UK Census</description>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2627">
              <text>The Wildernesse, Pembury Road, Tunbridge Wells, Kent</text>
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        <element elementId="56">
          <name>Suffrage Society</name>
          <description>The suffrage society this person was affiliated with at the time of the 1911 UK Census</description>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2628">
              <text>NUWSS</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="57">
          <name>Census</name>
          <description>This person's response to the 1911 UK Census</description>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2629">
              <text>Complies</text>
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          <name>Biographical Text</name>
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              <text>Caroline (b. 1847) had been with the Le Lacheur family as a nurse for at least 30 years. No other information about her interest or involvement in the suffrage movement is known. On the 1911 census for occupation she had included ‘Nurse Suffragist’ using the occupation column 'inappropriately' to indicate her support for the movement although in all other aspects she complied. For more information see, Jennifer Godfrey, Suffragettes of Kent, (Pen &amp; Sword Ltd, 2019). Researched &amp; contributed by Jennifer Godfrey.</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Caroline Marchant</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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        <name>NUWSS</name>
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  <item itemId="275" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="466">
        <src>https://olive-civet.lnx.warwick.ac.uk/files/original/d371774ac11346cdf363a96cba839aeb.jpg</src>
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            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="47">
                <name>Rights</name>
                <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="2641">
                    <text>Source: The National Archives</text>
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          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
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    </fileContainer>
    <itemType itemTypeId="19">
      <name>Person (Campaigner)</name>
      <description>A record of a person related to the Mapping Women's Suffrage project</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="34">
          <name>Occupation</name>
          <description/>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2634">
              <text>Housewife</text>
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        <element elementId="53">
          <name>Age</name>
          <description>The age of this person at the time of the 1911 UK Census</description>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2635">
              <text>28</text>
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        <element elementId="54">
          <name>Marital Status</name>
          <description>The marital status of this person at the time of the 1911 UK Census</description>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2636">
              <text>Married</text>
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        <element elementId="55">
          <name>Address</name>
          <description>The address of this person at the time of the 1911 UK Census</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2637">
              <text>72 St Dunstans, Canterbury, Kent</text>
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        <element elementId="56">
          <name>Suffrage Society</name>
          <description>The suffrage society this person was affiliated with at the time of the 1911 UK Census</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2638">
              <text>NUWSS</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="57">
          <name>Census</name>
          <description>This person's response to the 1911 UK Census</description>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2639">
              <text>Complies</text>
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        <element elementId="35">
          <name>Biographical Text</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
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              <text>Violet Amy Wacher (b. 1883) was Honorary Secretary for Canterbury NUWSS Society. This was published in The Common Cause, 4 July 1913, as part of promoting the NUWSS pilgrimage from Kent to London. Violet was married to physician surgeon, Harold Wacher, and is described on the 1911 census as housewife. For more information see, Jennifer Godfrey, Suffragettes of Kent, (Pen &amp; Sword Ltd, 2019). Researched &amp; contributed by Jennifer Godfrey.</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Violet Wacher</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
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        <name>NUWSS</name>
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  <item itemId="276" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="496">
        <src>https://olive-civet.lnx.warwick.ac.uk/files/original/6c840bca742e1f3fb2d24acd4edd97dd.jpg</src>
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            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="47">
                <name>Rights</name>
                <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="2766">
                    <text>Beatrice &amp; Harry with daughter Muriel, circa 1897. Source: provided by Laura Probert courtesy of Beatrice's grand daughter, Diana Spence.</text>
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              </element>
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      <file fileId="497">
        <src>https://olive-civet.lnx.warwick.ac.uk/files/original/777d644b85d89a0c794ce816157d2faf.jpg</src>
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            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="47">
                <name>Rights</name>
                <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="2767">
                    <text>Beatrice's daughter Muriel being 'forced' by her mother to parade up and down Weymouth seafront to advertise an NUWSS meeting circa 1911. Source: provided by Laura Probert courtesy of Beatrice's grand daughter Diana Spence.</text>
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                    <text>Source: courtesy The National Archives.</text>
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              <text>Beatrice Ethel Chapman (b. 1864) was born Oetzmann, and was descended from a German family. She married Harry Chapman when she was 32 years old in 1895. Harry was manager of a watermill in Hertfordshire but Beatrice felt that the damp river valley was an unhealthy place to bring up her two daughters so spent long periods living by the sea in Margate. She was a strong character and rather eccentric, who was fiercely argumentative about the “superiority of women”. While in Margate she threw herself wholeheartedly into the work of the local suffrage society. She was Honorary Secretary for the Margate NUWSS. This information was published in The Common Cause, 4 July 1913 as part of promoting the NUWSS pilgrimage from Kent to London.  Beatrice was recorded in the 1911 census, but her husband is not listed as he remained in Hertfordshire. Her two daughters, Beatrice Muriel, 14, and Florence Furnival, 10, are both recorded as scholars. Throughout 1913, and up until the outbreak of war in 1914, Beatrice, in her capacity as Honorary Secretary of the Margate branch of the NUWSS, wrote almost weekly to the local papers on matters concerning women’s issues and the suffrage campaign. For more information see, Jennifer Godfrey, Suffragettes of Kent, (Pen &amp; Sword Ltd, 2019). Researched &amp; contributed by Jennifer Godfrey. Since appearing on the map, Beatrice's story has been added to with thanks to local Kent historian Laura Probert who also provided images courtesy of Beatrice Chapman's grand daughter Diana Spence.</text>
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                    <text>Source: The National Archives.</text>
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          <name>Address</name>
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              <text>The Grange, Matfield, Kent</text>
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          <name>Suffrage Society</name>
          <description>The suffrage society this person was affiliated with at the time of the 1911 UK Census</description>
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              <text>Mabel (b. 1876) was Honorary Secretary for Pembury, Matfield and Brenchley NUWSS. This information was published in The Common Cause, 4 July 1913 as part of promoting the NUWSS pilgrimage from Kent to London. She was from Wranby in Lincolnshire and was a Governess at the school in The Grange, Matfield, Brenchley, Kent. For more information see, Jennifer Godfrey, Suffragettes of Kent, (Pen &amp; Sword Ltd, 2019). Researched &amp; contributed by Jennifer Godfrey.</text>
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                <text>Mabel Symonds</text>
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