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                    <text>Lettice Annie Floyd. Source: courtesy of Museum of London.</text>
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              <text>Lettice was born in Berkswell, near Coventry in 1865, the daughter of William Floyd, a farmer and landowner and her mother, Alison Clapperton. Lettice is well known for her suffragette antics but also her open lesbian relationship with life partner Annie Williams. In March 1891, Lettice enrolled for a nurse training course at the Nottingham Children’s Hospital. She qualified two years later and worked for several years as a children’s nurse gaining promotions for her good work. In 1898, Lettice took on the role of under matron at Bedales school, Hampshire, leaving in 1901 to return to life in Berkswell. Lettice lived with her sister Mary Floyd and the two decided to form a Berkswell branch of the Birmingham Women’s Suffrage Society in 1907 with some seventy members. Mary was secretary, Lettice, the treasurer. However, soon attracted to more militant methods, the sisters joined the WSPU in 1908, and Lettice travelled extensively during the campaign as an organiser. That year, she met her future life partner, Annie Williams a primary school teacher. The same-sex relationship between Lettice and Annie was open and lasted from 1908 to the latter's death in 1934. Lettice was not home on census night 1911, probably evading under the boycott. It seems as though her sister Mary may have harboured some women who wished to resist the census, staying away from their own homes for the survey. Names and partial names appear on the Floyd sisters home census but with lots of 'nk's showing an unwillingness to provide the requisite information. Lettice was also imprisoned with other suffragettes during the rush on the House of Commons, and for window smashing in 1912 for which she was imprisoned, went on hunger strike, and was subjected to the brutal practice of forcible feeding. She was rewarded with a WSPU hunger strike medal for ‘valour’. The suffragette newspaper Vote for Women wrote of Lettice: ‘She feels strongly that women should have a voice’. When the WSPU suspended its activity at the outbreak of war in 1914, Lettice returned home to Berkswell where she lived with Annie and they started a branch of the Women's Institute. In 1918, when some women were given the right to vote, Lettice joined the National Council of Women and the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, believing that women's rights and peace were the most important issues. Lettice died in 1934, after an operation with Annie beside her. She bequeathed money to&#13;
create a nursing home and left what is now called Floyd's Field (Tile Hill Village) to the city of Coventry, now a sports facility and children’s play area. Sources: Elizabeth Crawford, The Women's Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide, 1866-1928 (London: Routledge, 2001); Warwickshire Records Office. Researcher. Tara Morton.</text>
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              <text>Lilian Borovikovski(y) (nee Prust) was a member of the WFL and was Cheltenham's first women's suffrage prisoner. In February 1909, she was arrested with seven others in a 'raid on the Commons', was charged with obstructing the police and declined to be bound over or pay sureties. She was sentenced to one month in Holloway prison but was released after two weeks. It is unclear whether this was because she went on hunger-strike. On her return to Cheltenham, the WFL branch presented her with a Holloway badge and two books. In 1912, she became Honorary Secretary of the branch. At the age of 22, Lilian Prust had married Sergei Alexandrovitch Borovikovsky. In the marriage register, he was described as a 'Noble Minister of Finance' at St. Petersburg and his father was a 'senator'. A son Sergei was born in 1904. Lilian's arrival in Cheltenham in March 1911 from a trip to Russia is recorded but she never seems to have lived there for any length of time and it is not known how she met her husband. As she does not appear on the census in 1911 and yet was in England, it is assumed that she evaded. She died in Gloucester Mental Hospital in 1926, by then a widow. Researcher/writer Sue Jones author of 'Votes for Women: Cheltenham and the Cotswolds' (The History Press, 2018).</text>
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                <text>Lilian Borovikovski (Madame)</text>
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                    <text>The burned down pavilion at Kew. Source &amp; credit: Creative Commons. </text>
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              <text>Lilian Ida Lenton was born in 1891 in Leicester to Isaac and Mahalah Lenton. She evaded the 1911 census with her mother while living at 32 Pennywell Road in Bristol. The location on the map is approximated due to extensive redevelopment. She joined the WSPU in 1912 after turning 21 and completing her education. She was first arrested as ‘Ida Inkley’ for participating in a WSPU window-smashing campaign and imprisoned for 2 months. When the WSPU continued militancy in 1913, she set fire to the tea pavilion at Kew Gardens with the help of fellow suffragette Olive Wharry. After being arrested, she went on a hunger strike for 2 days, during which she was forcibly fed by a nasal tube. She was released after falling ill due to food entering her lungs. The home secretary faced criticism for claiming it was her hunger strike that led to her illness, and she was not force-fed, despite Home Office papers clearly detailing Lilian Lenton being force-fed. She avoided recapture after her recovery but was re-arrested in Doncaster as ‘May Dennis’ for being on the premises of an unoccupied house that was on fire. Lilian Lenton was released from Armley prison after a multiple-day hunger strike in which she was not forcibly fed. She again escaped police, leading to Leeds police publishing a damming report on how she has evaded their control. She escaped by private yacht to France, leading to the Home Office releasing a wanted picture of Lenton. She returned to England soon after her escape to be rearrested at Paddington station in 1913 after trying to claim a bike from lost property. She again went on a hunger strike and was forcibly fed until her release, where she avoided recapture until the 22nd of December 1913 after setting fire to a house in Cheltenham. After hunger and thirst striking again, she was released into the care of Mrs Impey in Birmingham on Christmas Day. She recalled in an interview with the BBC in 1960 that there was a gap between the Cheltenham police ‘depositing’ her at the house and the arrival of Birmingham police to survey the house and prevent her escape until she could be rearrested under the cat and mouse act. She used that gap to escape and described the Birmingham police as ‘surrounding the house watching for the mouse that had already escaped’. She evaded police until May 1914, when she was arrested in Birkenhead but soon released under the Cat and Mouse act due to Lenton's hunger strike. She was not arrested again as she avoided recapture until the WSPU ended their militancy in August 1914 because of the outbreak of war. Lenton later expressed in a BBC interview that she was not satisfied with the terms of the women's vote granted in 1918, as she could not vote for many years despite being over 30, as she didn’t have a husband or meet the property qualifications. During the First World War, Lenton worked in Serbia with the Scottish Women's Hospital unit and later worked for the British Embassy in Stockholm. From 1924-33, she was a travelling organiser and speaker for the Women’s Freedom League, editing the WFL bulletin. In 1970, she helped unveil a memorial to the women who fought for the vote in Christchurch Gardens, Westminster. She died in 1972, aged 84. Liddington, Jill, Vanishing for the Vote: Suffrage, Citizenship and the Battle for the Census (Manchester, 2014); Crawford, Elizabeth, The Women’s Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide, 18661928 (London, 1999); ‘BBC Archive 1960: Lilian Lenton Suffragettes’ (2024)BBC &lt;https://www.bbc.co.uk/videos/c72p2n2479go&gt;; ‌Bell, Bethan (2018) ‘Actresses and Arsonists: Women Who Won the Vote’, BBC News &lt;https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-42635771&gt; .Contributed by Becca Aspden, URSS student researcher, History Dept., Warwick University. </text>
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                    <text>Lilla evaded the 1911 census with sister Constance Andrews. Source: The National Archives.</text>
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                    <text>160 Norwich Road, Ipswich. Source: Google Maps, 2019.</text>
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              <text>Louisa Jane Churchman (1868-1943), eldest daughter of a Horsham grocer and wine merchant, was living in 1911 at 5 Middle Street with her widowed mother, sister Emmeline, and three ‘domestics’. In January 1910 she and her mother were on the platform at a crowded meeting at the King’s Head addressed by Florence Basden and Annette Verrall, chair and treasurer respectively of the Brighton and Hove Women’s Franchise Society. That summer, at a meeting at Horsham Park chaired by Brighton’s (see) Flora de Gaudrion Merrifield, the Horsham Suffrage Society, was formed. As default secretary of the HSS, Louisa resigned from the local Women Liberals Association, of which she was treasurer, because of the Liberal Government’s disdain of the Conciliation Bill offering to enfranchise single women householders and actively supported Florence de Fonblanque’s Horsham-based suffragist Marchers Qui Vive. In 1914 Louisa and Emmeline resigned as secretaries of the local Church of England Temperance Society because of the exclusion of women from the Chichester Diocesan Synod, declaring that they would henceforth devote themselves to women’s suffrage. When the NUWSS subsequently announced its suspension of political work, it was to Louisa Churchman that local offers of personal service were to be made. War work undertaken by HSS ranged from fruit bottling to fund-raising for the NUWSS Scottish Women’s Hospitals. Following the partial granting of the vote to women in February 1918, Louisa formed Horsham branches of the Women Citizen’s Association, affiliated to the National Union of Societies for Equal Citizenship, and of the League of Nations Association. In the 1920s, now a committed Labour Party member, she identified herself with Labour Parliamentary candidates. In 1923 she became Horsham’s first woman JP; in 1934 she was elected a County Councillor. On her death in 1943 tributes filled the front and back pages of the West Sussex County Times. Contributed by: Independent researcher and writer, Frances Stenlake.&#13;
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              <text>Louisa Martindale belonged to a prominent Congregationalist family: her brother Sir Albert Spicer, a Liberal politician, was a vice-President of the National Women’s Suffrage Society; her brother Augustin Spicer and his wife held suffragist gatherings at their home, Franklyns, Wivelsfield, near Haywards Heath. Louisa Martindale was well-known as a women’s suffrage campaigner when she moved to Cheeleys, Horsted Keynes in 1903. During the 1890s, as President of the Brighton Women Liberals Association (WLA), and Vice-President of the Burgess Hill WLA, she called for equal voting rights with men and joined the executive committee of the newly-formed Practical Suffragists within the Women Liberals Federation. In 1904, with (see) Marie, Margery and Cicely Corbett, she attended the International Congress of Women in Berlin at which the International Women’s Suffrage Alliance was founded. The portrait of Louisa by the German artist Clara Ewald shows her sitting behind a desk on which rests a volume inscribed ‘International Frauen Congress 1904‘. Meetings held by the Liberals in Horsted Keynes included a ‘Call to Women’ in 1906 at which Louisa and the Corbetts urged women to take part in local government. In 1907, Louisa invited the Brighton and Hove branch of the WSPU and local WLA members to a garden party at Cheeleys at which the speakers were Emmeline Pankhurst and Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence. In June 1910, referring to over 40 years’ campaigning on her own part, she acknowledged that the WSPU’s ‘militant ways’ had ‘worked wonders and roused our sex as we could not’. Soon afterwards, however, she hosted the inaugural meeting of the Horsted Keynes branch of the constitutional Cuckfield and Central Sussex Women’s Suffrage Society in the Congregational Hall. This had been built thanks to her efforts and she had appointed as its first pastor Hatty Baker, founder of the Free Church League for Women’s Suffrage. Subsequent suffragist meetings in the Congregational Hall, included two talks in February 1911 by Lady Stout, whose husband had been Premier of New Zealand: on the advantages of women having the vote there, and on ‘Temperance Reform and Social Progress’, a subject of particular interest to Louisa. The following month Louisa was on the platform at a Cuckfield and Central Sussex Women’s Suffrage Society meeting in the Congregational Hall to support ‘distinguished non-militant suffragists,’ Lady Sybil Brassey and Lady Betty Balfour. In 1910 the Brighton and Hove Women’s Franchise Society acted upon Louisa’s proposal that a Women’s Local Government Association be formed to encourage women to stand for election. Louisa’s elder daughter, Dr Louisa Martindale, was a committee member of this branch of the NUWSS, and a pioneering specialist in women’s health. Mother and daughter were centrally involved in the establishment of Brighton’s Lady Chichester Hospital for Women and Girls, run entirely by women. Louisa’s younger daughter, Hilda, at this time a factory inspector, was also to spend her career working for women’s rights. The Congregational Hall is now known as the Martindale Centre; a memorial plaque there describes Louisa as ‘a champion of a larger life for women’. Contributed by independent researcher and writer, Frances Stenlake. Sources: Mid Sussex Times; Sussex Express; Kent and Sussex Courier; Brighton Gazette; Common Cause; Votes for Women.</text>
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              <text>Lucy Dilger was born in 1880, the daughter of Dominic and Mary Clara Dilger immigrants from Baden in Germany. She was an assistant school mistress in 1911 when the family were living at 10 Clifton Street, Wolverhampton. We know little else about Lucy at this time except that she belonged to the Wolverhampton branch of the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies. She was listed as Superintendent of the Entertainment Department, 1912-1914, and the “Misses Dilger” were actively involved collecting subscriptions and delivering notices in the district of Tettenhall Road. The Society’s annual report 1913 – 1914 also includes an account of a play produced by a Miss Dilger, entitled “The Better Half”, in January 1914, and that “The majority of the characters were excellently portrayed, and all who attended will, we feel sure, be glad to learn they helped to add a very substantial sum to our exchequer.” Lucy never married, and died in Hove, Sussex, in 1946. Contributed by Heidi McIntosh, Senior Archivist, Wolverhampton Archives. Can you tell us more about the Dilger family? Could you be related? Could you provide a photograph of the house or street? If so please contact us via the project website. </text>
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                    <text>NUWSS shop, Crescent Road, Tunbridge Wells. Source: courtesy The Women's Library, LSE.</text>
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              <text>Lydia (1843-1927) was the Treasurer of the Tunbridge Wells Women’s Suffrage Society. On the 1911 census, by the names of two of Lydia’s servants was written ’suffragist’ (see Sarah Reynolds and Caroline Marchant). No further information is known at this stage about any involvement they may have had in the suffrage movement. Lydia’s family began by supporting the WSPU.  In 1908 her daughters Dorothy and (see) May, with friend Gladys Sherris (Henfield) were driven by Lydia’s elder son from Tunbridge Wells to London to participate in the WSPU 21st of June procession. Their motor car was described as being ‘brilliantly decorated for the occasion, with rosettes in green, white and purple’ and with a small “Votes for Women” placard fixed in front of the car and a large notice advertising the demonstration hanging out at the back. Later that year, however, Dorothy was to found the Tunbridge Wells branch of the WFL. Another of Lydia’s daughters, Kate, was arrested after taking part in a WSPU demonstration in November 1910. Lydia participated in the NUWSS pilgrimage from Kent to London in 1913 entertaining 30 to 40 guests at her house. In the same year, a Miss Le Lacheur attended a meeting about the Tunbridge Wells Nevill Cricket Ground which had been destroyed by suffragettes in an arson attack. This was probably Dorothy who with two other women interrupted the meeting and kept interjecting questions to those speaking against women’s suffrage. For more information see  Jennifer Godfrey, Suffragettes of Kent, (Pen &amp; Sword Ltd, 2019). Researched &amp; contributed by Jennifer Godfrey with thanks to Frances Stenlake for additional advice.</text>
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              <text>Mabel Chave was the daughter of local chemist William Chave who ran a shop in Broad Street in Hereford. She was born in 1869 and had an elder sister Florence, who does not appear to have played a part in the women's suffrage movement. Mr Chave went on to be elected to the town council in 1886, became mayor in 1891, and a JP in 1893. He died in 1909 and it appears Mabel started campaigning for women's suffrage after his death. She is mentioned in the NUWSS newspaper The Common Cause in 1912, alongside (see) Reverend George and Ethel Davis. She also became a member of the Church League for Womens Suffrage in 1912. Mabel complied with the census in 1911, describing herself as being of "private means". She died in 1920, leaving over £3,000 to her sister. Contributed by Herefordshire community fundraiser Clare Wichbold, MBE.</text>
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              <text>The Grange, Matfield, Kent</text>
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              <text>Mabel (b. 1876) was Honorary Secretary for Pembury, Matfield and Brenchley NUWSS. This information was published in The Common Cause, 4 July 1913 as part of promoting the NUWSS pilgrimage from Kent to London. She was from Wranby in Lincolnshire and was a Governess at the school in The Grange, Matfield, Brenchley, Kent. For more information see, Jennifer Godfrey, Suffragettes of Kent, (Pen &amp; Sword Ltd, 2019). Researched &amp; contributed by Jennifer Godfrey.</text>
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