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                    <text>Helen Watts, 1911. Source: www.bathintime.co.uk</text>
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                    <text>Helen Watts planting tree at at in the Orchard at the Blathwayts home in Bath. Source: www.bathintime.co.uk</text>
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              <text>Lenton Vicarage, 35 Church Street, Nottingham</text>
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              <text>Helen Kirkpatrick Watts, was the daughter of the vicar of Lenton. She joined the Nottingham branch of the Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU) after hearing Christabel Pankhurst speak in Nottingham on 9th December 1907. She was arrested at the House of Commons on 24th February 1909 for causing 'wilful obstruction' and when she appeared at Bow Street magistrates court she refused to be bound over to keep the peace and instead went to Holloway Prison for one month. On release she received an enthusiastic reception at Morley's Cafe on Wheeler Gate on 24th March 1909. She was also arrested in July at Nottingham's Albert Hall, but was released without charge. She was again arrested for 'disorderly conduct' in September in Leicester in 1909 at a meeting being addressed by Winston Churchill and in Leicester gaol she went on hunger strike for which she was awarded a medal from the WSPU. On release she gave her first public address on September 17th, again at Morley's Café, speaking of her experiences to great effect. She always wrote home to the Vicarage during this time to keep in touch with her family. Helen wasn't arrested again and may have resigned from the WSPU to join the Women’s Freedom League, because she did not agree with the WSPU’s later arson campaign. In March 1911 Helen stayed at Eagle House Batheaston, the home of the Blathwayts which they opened to those suffragettes recovering from imprisonment. She planted a juniper tree in the Suffragette orchard there and was photographed on 17th March 1911. This clearly meant a lot to her as she revealed in an interview in 1962 that she had carried a sprig of that tree in her purse. A couple of weeks later in April Helen went to stay at her brother's house in Somerset where she was recorded complying with the 1911 census. By 1912 she was training at the Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases in Bath and she nursed Belgian refugees there during WW1. She wrote a novel about this time ‘The Nevilles: a story for Girls’. After the war, Helen worked as a Civil Servant at the Ministry of Pensions though it may have been the War Office or the Ministry of Labour. She visited Canada perhaps to see her sister Ethel, but she returned to live in Somerset where she died aged 91 and is buried in St Vigor's churchyard at Stratton-on-the-Fosse. In the 1970s, a trunk containing various documents was found and the letters and speeches etc are in the Nottingham archives. The Nottingham Women’s History Group planted a tree and installed a commemorative plaque to Helen in the Arboretum in 2017. Researched and contributed by Nottingham Women's History group www.nottinghamwomenshistory.org.uk. Sources:  Rowena Edlin-White 'Helen Kirkpatrick Watts: Suffragette' by Piecemeal Pamphlets: No Surrender Nottingham Women's History Group Nottingham Archives; www.bathintime.co.uk.&#13;
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                    <text>Alice Dowson. Source: The Women's Library, LSE.</text>
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                    <text>Back of Alice photograph. Source: The Women's Library, LSE.</text>
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              <text>Born to a middle-class family in Cheshire Alice moved to Nottingham on marriage to Benjamin Dowson a solicitor (1870 set up Dowson and in 1874 Dowson and Wright) with whom she had 10 children by the age of 34. Alice a Liberal, was active in various social and political matters. She spent four hours in the market place listening to debates re the election in 1866; was active in the campaign to repeal the Contagious Diseases Act; in March 1869 in campaigning to protect women’s property rights and sat on a committee working to allow women to be appointed as Poor Law Guardians. In the 1870s and 1880s, Alice attended various women’s suffrage meetings and became secretary of the Nottingham Women’s Suffrage Society in 1894 though she handed over to her daughter in law Nellie in 1896 due to ill health. In 1906, Alice and Ben moved to Sulney Fields, Upper Boughton near Melton Mowbray (map position approximate) where they were still resident in 1911 as was daughter and suffragist (see) Maud Dowson. Later, the extended family rented a property in Salcombe in Devon which they later brought, and it remained in the family for over 100 years. We know a lot about her activities as her granddaughter published Alice’s diaries ‘What Grandmother said’. Researched and contributed by Nottingham Women's History group www.nottinghamwomenshistory.org.uk. Sources: Dame Alix Meynell ''What Grandmother Said': Life of Alice Dowson, 1844-1227' (1998);  No Surrender! Women's Suffrage in Nottinghamshire, Rowena Edlin-White (Ed.) Nottingham Women's History Group ISBN:978-1-900074-31-5&#13;
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                    <text>Maud is recorded as 'Suffragist worker' on the 1911 census. Source: The National Archives.</text>
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              <text>Daughter of Alice and Benjamin Dowson, Alice Maud known as Maud Dowson, was very active in suffrage and social work. She stayed living at home with her parents and she particularly helped look after her sister Hester’s children as recorded in 'What Grandmother said' by Alix Meynell one of Hester’s children. On the 1911 census, Maud's occupation is given as 'Suffragist worker' though it is not clear whether this was a paid position. On her death probate went to Bernard Withers Dowson and Alexander Dowson her brothers and the value of her estate was £15,161.7.4. Her ashes are scattered at the family home at Upper Broughton. Researched and contributed by Nottingham Women's History group www.nottinghamwomenshistory.org.uk. Sources: Dame Alix Meynell ''What Grandmother Said': Life of Alice Dowson, 1844-1227' (1998); No Surrender! Women's Suffrage in Nottinghamshire, Rowena Edlin-White (Ed.) Nottingham Women's History Group ISBN:978-1-900074-31-</text>
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                    <text>Hilda was visiting her mother Susan Greg and sisters at Lee Hall in Cheshire with husband Gerard when the 1911 census was taken. Source: courtesy, The National Archives.</text>
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              <text>Hilda was born in Cheshire and moved to Nottingham on marrying her cousin Gerard Dowson – son of Alice and Benjamin Dowson – they had a son Waldo and daughter Rhonda. She moved to Radcliffe on Trent renting the Manor House from 1905-1921 (now 52 main Street, Radcliffe on Trent) and then buying the Grange where she lived from 1922-1956. She worked with her mother and sisters in law to help women gain the vote in various ways. For instance, participating in a national Votes for women march in London in 1908, helping to organise NUWSS meetings in Nottingham, collecting signatures outside Newark polling station in 1910 and becoming joint secretary of the Nottingham NUWSS branch in 1910. She also acted as a speaker throughout the East Midlands in Northants, Derby, and Bottesford in 1911-12. In 1911 when the census was taken, Hilda was visiting her mother and sisters with husband Gerard in Cheshire (see image). She continued to attend NUWSS meetings between 1918-1924 – when it became the Council of Women - campaigning for legislation to improve the position of women and children. She was active in both WW1 and WW2; was also a founder of Radcliffe Women’s Institute; a part of the Nursing Association; and was a County Magistrate sitting at Bingham. On August 24th, 2019, a plaque was unveiled at her later home the Grange, celebrating her life. Researched and contributed by Nottingham Women's History group www.nottinghamwomenshistory.org.uk. Sources: No Surrender! Women's Suffrage in Nottinghamshire, Rowena Edlin-White (Ed.) Nottingham Women's History Group ISBN:978-1-900074-31-</text>
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              <text>Nellie was a Women’s Social and Political Union organiser in Nottingham. She was born in Stogumber, Somerset; her father was a Doctor, and she was a cousin of Emmeline and Dorothy Pethick. In 1906, Nellie was a strong Liberal Party supporter, being honorary secretary to the Wellington's Women's Liberal Association, but became disillusioned. In 1907, she left the party of 'a Government which persecutes women' to join the WSPU and spoke at the founding meeting of the WSPU branch in Bath as well as at the Hyde Park rally in 1908. She was appointed as WSPU organiser for Yorkshire, based in Sheffield, and then in 1909 became WSPU organiser in Nottingham until 1912. She was first arrested in 1909, taking up her post in Nottingham directly after a hunger strike. She was next arrested in London on Black Friday in November 1910. Perhaps unsurprisingly, Nellie was an early visitor to Eagle House, Bath, where hunger striking suffragettes went to recover. On 7th February 1911, she planted a tree, an Abies Magnifica in the Suffragette Orchard there. She evaded the 1911 Census and cannot be found anywhere on census night. However, her address in 1910 and 1912 appears to have been 8 East Circus Street which trade directories indicate was where John Wykes, a cab proprietor and his wife, took in boarders. So, it seems likely this was also Nellie’s regular address in 1911 and hence where she is located on the map. An advert in the ‘Votes for Women’ newspaper Oct 27 1911 also has Miss Nellie Crocker at 6 Carlton Street (aka Clinton Chambers where various businesses and offices rented space) selling underclothes for the WSPU Christmas Fair, so this was likely a local WSPU office address she also used. Nellie was involved in the first wave of largescale window smashing in London which led to her being imprisoned in Holloway for 3 months from March 1st – June 4th1912. On 4 March 1912, she attacked a post office in Sloane Square, London, smashing its windows. A policeman had followed her and her two conspirators from the Gardenia restaurant in Covent Garden.  This was her eighth arrest. Nellie recalled the hustling and jostling of the Westminster protests and how suffragette Mary Leigh was so skilled in ju-jitsu, that it took six policemen to arrest her. She was involved in seven by-elections, organising WSPU interventions. She recalled a by election in Nottinghamshire where “our good driver armed himself with a large iron rod which he placed under his seat to protect himself.” Nelly left Nottingham and the WSPU in 1912, probably in protest after Pethick relatives (Emmeline and Frederick Pethick-Lawrence) were effectively forced out of the WSPU. Later in life, Nellie wrote an account of her suffragette activities which she presented to Girton College, Cambridge. She was a member of Suffragette Fellowship and left them the residue of her estate. Nellie wrote in her memoirs in 1949 that ‘Modern Young Women seem unaware of the price paid for their political and social emancipation and modern historians have greatly ignored the struggle”. She lived in Maida Vale, London, and died in 1962. Researched and contributed by Nottingham Women's History group www.nottinghamwomenshistory.org.uk. Sources: No Surrender! Women's Suffrage in Nottinghamshire, Rowena Edlin-White (Ed.) Nottingham Women's History Group ISBN:978-1-900074-31-; Elizabeth Crawford, The Women's Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide, 1866-1928 (1999).</text>
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                    <text>Alice Dax 1911 census. Source: The National Archives.</text>
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              <text>Alice was born Alice Mary Mills in Liverpool in 1878 where she worked in the post office and was an active suffragette. She married Henry Dax and moved to Eastwood, Nottingham, where he ran a chemist shop. The couple were friends of forward-thinking local socialists such as William and Sallie Hopkin, and D H Lawrence. The character Clara Dawes in the latter’s novel ‘Sons and Lovers’ is thought to be based on Alice Dax. Both Alice and Sallie attended meetings in Nottingham city where Enid Hilton, the Hopkin’s daughter, remembers waving white, purple and green flags and listening to the speakers including the Pankhurst’s who they also had to stay. Alice became a well-known name in the district giving suffrage speeches and initiating various schemes other schemes including local nursing associations and local forms of health insurance. Perhaps because of Alice’s overt political leanings trade dropped off in Eastwood and so by 1911 the couple relocated just north of Nottingham to Shirebrook, Mansfield. This is where we find Alice living in 1911 in Station Road, complying with the census, and listing her occupation as ‘assisting in the business’ (see image). It is not yet clear where exactly on Station Road Alice's residence was and so the current map location is approximate. Alice emigrated to Australia in her seventies, where her son was living, and she died there aged 81. Researched and contributed by Nottingham Women's History group www.nottinghamwomenshistory.org.uk. Sources: No Surrender! Women's Suffrage in Nottinghamshire, Rowena Edlin-White (Ed.) Nottingham Women's History Group ISBN:978-1-900074-31-</text>
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                    <text>Sarah Merrick's 1911 census. Source: courtesy The National Archives.</text>
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              <text>Sarah was born in Derby in 1869 moving to Hucknall as a young teacher at Beardall Infant School in 1887. After two years of training she became headteacher at Morton Infant school near Tibshelf. In 1894 she married Joseph Merrick and the couple lived in Walsall and Upper Broughton before moving to The Knoll on Beardall Street, Hucknall. Sarah was highly active in public life and supportive of women’s suffrage joining several demonstrations in London. In 1910, Helena Dowson held a meeting in Hucknall and by 1913 Sarah was running the Hucknall branch of NUWSS over a teashop in the High Street. In 1911, Sarah complied with the census appearing at home in Beardall Street, but does not give an occupation. Neither is the exact position of 'The Knoll' in Beardall Street clear and so its location on the map is approximate. Sarah was also secretary to the British Women’s Temperance Society and became the first woman Poor Law Guardian for Basford Board serving in the Labour Party's interests. Sarah fought strongly in this position for better conditions for the poor. She also stood as a Labour County Councillor but was not successful. It is also interesting to note that her husband was a prominent Liberal. Sarah was for many years associated with the Adult School movement being both president and secretary of the Hucknall Woman’s Branch for a time and Minutes Secretary for the County. She died aged 65 at Vernon Lodge Nursing home on Waverley Street in Nottingham, and is buried in Hucknall. Researched and contributed by Nottingham Women's History group www.nottinghamwomenshistory.org.uk. Sources: No Surrender! Women's Suffrage in Nottinghamshire, Rowena Edlin-White (Ed.) Nottingham Women's History Group ISBN:978-1-900074-31-</text>
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                    <text>Marie and Charles Corbett. Source: Danehill Parish Historical Society </text>
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                    <text>Woodgate. Source: Danehill Parish Historical Society</text>
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                    <text>Illustration EGWSS procession. Source: Malcolm Bull postcard </text>
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              <text>Marie Eliza Corbett (1859-1932) and her husband Charles were leading Liberals who lived at Woodgate, his estate at Danehill, near East Grinstead. When the 1894 Local Government Act gave propertied women the right to vote for and serve on local councils and as Poor Law Guardians, Marie became the first woman member of the new Uckfield Rural District Council and a Guardian of Uckfield Workhouse. In 1887, with Millicent Garrett Fawcett, Eva McLaren and Lady Frances Balfour, she formed the Liberal Women’s Suffrage Society, and in 1907 she co-founded the Forward Suffrage Union to urge the Federation of Women Liberals Associations to adopt a definite women’s suffrage policy. In 1911, following a meeting held by Lady Edith Fox-Pitt and Lady Queensberry, presided over by Lady Grove, chair of the Forward Suffrage Union, and addressed by Frances Balfour, Marie formed the East Grinstead Women’s Suffrage Society (EGWSS) with herself as honorary secretary. Its President was Muriel, Countess de la Warr, and titled Vice-Presidents were: Muriel’s sister-in-law Countess Sybil Brassey; Lady Fox-Pitt; Lady Eleanor Cecil of Chelwood Gate, whose husband, Lord Robert Cecil, was a founder member of the MLWS; Countess Munster of Maresfield Park; Countess Platen; and Lady Katherine Morgan of the Conservative Women’s Franchise Association. A few months later Florence Buckley, EGWSS treasurer, chaired the first women’s suffrage meeting ever to be held in Danehill itself. Miss Chute Ellis and Miss Spooner, of the Central Sussex Women’s Suffrage Society, addressed an audience of 50-60, enlisting 12 new members. Cicely Corbett proposed the vote of thanks. In 1912 the EGWSS became affiliated to the Surrey, Sussex and Hampshire Federation of the NUWSS. With the escalation of WSPU violence that year, Marie, with other Sussex branch secretaries, wrote to the local press, denouncing WSPU militancy: ‘There cannot be more than a few hundred who have put themselves under the leadership of the WSPU for the commission of lawless activities. The members of the East Grinstead Women’s Suffrage Society strongly disapprove of acts of violence.’ In July 1913 Marie arranged a public meeting on the eve of taking EGWSS members to join the Brighton Road contingent of Great Suffrage Pilgrimage to London. This descended into the ‘East Grinstead Riot’ when youths, recruited by ‘anti’ agents provocateurs, subjected EGWSS members and speakers, including Laurence Housman, a founder member of the MLWS, to noisy verbal abuse and unsavoury and injurious missiles. Undaunted, about 20 women set off the following morning to join the Brighton Road and Horsham contingents on their way from Crawley to Horley. From 1904 when Marie and her two daughters, Margery and Cicely, attended the first International Suffrage Congress, in Berlin, until 1921 when she took ‘a large contingent of women from Danehill’ to participate in the women’s procession from the Embankment to the Albert Hall World Disarmament Conference, Marie campaigned on behalf of women at international as well as local level. Her obituary in the Mid Sussex Times detailed her involvement in community activity; International Women’s Suffrage News eulogised her as ‘one of our pioneers’. Contributed by independent researcher and writer, Frances Stenlake. Sources: Margery Corbett Ashby Memoirs 1997; WSRO 54752 East Grinstead Women’s Suffrage Society report from its formation 30 May 1911 to 23 Jan 1914; East Grinstead Observer Mid Sussex Times; East Surrey Journal; Sussex Express; East Sussex News; Common Cause; International Women’s Suffrage News.</text>
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                    <text>Cicely Corbett. Source: Schwimmer Lloyd Collection, New York Public Library.</text>
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                    <text>Cicely's occupation is 'Suffrage Lecturer' on the 1911 census form. Source: courtesy The National Archives.</text>
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              <text>Cicely Corbett (later Corbett Fisher, 1885-1959) was the younger daughter of suffrage campaigners Marie and Charles Corbett, of Woodgate, Danehill, Sussex, and sister of (see) Margery Corbett Ashby. She became a practised stage performer through contributing songs to concerts at the Congregational Hall, built by veteran suffragist Louisa Martindale, in nearby Horsted Keynes. After graduating from Somerville College, Oxford, in 1907, and as secretary of her mother’s Forward Suffrage Union in the Women’s Liberal Association, Cicely became much in demand as a speaker all over the country, both to explain the Forward Suffrage Union to WLA branches and to talk on behalf of the NUWSS. In 1909, she took the stage in Cardiff while friend (see) Helga Gill, a Norwegian suffragist, was spending a month as NUWSS organiser there, and joined in the NUWSS Scottish Highlands Campaign, chairing a meeting at Kingussie. In Sussex that year she spoke to the Haywards Heath and Lindfield Women Liberals Association and to the Brighton and Hove Women’s Franchise Society. Cicely participated in Men’s League for Women’s Suffrage (MLWS) rallies in Trafalgar Square and was regularly paired with a MLWS speaker, for example Laurence Housman, to speak at open-air meetings throughout Greater London. In 1909, the International Women’s Franchise Club was formed, under the auspices of the/MLWS, with Cicely its ‘indefatigable’ secretary. Cicely also spoke in company with Millicent Garrett Fawcett, on one occasion singing the suffrage version of Hope and Glory. Speaking tours took her to Ireland in 1911 and again, with Helga Gill, in 1912. She describes her occupation on the 1911 census as (see) ‘Suffrage lecturer’. Having first gone to Hungary in 1910 to help organise suffrage groups there, she returned, as the recently-married Cecily Corbett Fisher, for the IWSA Congress in Budapest in June 1913 where, as ‘a great favourite’, she drew huge audiences. In London, Cicely was a member of the executive committee of the East St Pancras NUWSS, and on the general committee of the Actresses’ Franchise League. She did not neglect Sussex, however, speaking at meetings at Arundel, the tiny village of Slaugham, Rotherfield, and Uckfield, as well as at Horsted Keynes and Danehill. Reflecting the Corbett family’s commitment to disarmament, Cicely reported on the first Peace Study Conference, in Amsterdam, held following the decision taken at the 1926 Conference of the International Alliance for Suffrage and Equal Citizenship to study ‘Peace questions’. She departed from family tradition in becoming ‘an ardent supporter of the Labour movement’: in November 1928, as secretary of the Advisory Committee on Finance and Commerce for the National Labour Party, she addressed a Cuckfield Labour Party meeting in the Queen’s Hall on ‘Disarmament and Peace’. In September 1933, at an East Grinstead Labour Party Fete and Rally in Elm Hall garden, she chaired a talk by ‘Manny’ Shinwell. The subject of a talk by Cicely at the Danehill Women’s Institute in March 1935 was ‘Current Events’, and in 1936 she urged both the Danehill and the Horsted Keynes WI to join the League of Nations Union. ‘As responsible citizens they should not only look upon the light and pleasant side of life.’ Contributed by independent researcher and writer, Frances Stenlake. Sources: Mid Sussex Times; Uckfield Weekly; Irish Citizen; Women’s Franchise; Common Cause.</text>
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                    <text>1909 NUWSS van tour: Helga Gill is sitting next to the driver. Source: The Women’s Library at LSE.</text>
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                    <text>Danehill WI 1918: Helga Gill, wearing her ambulance driver’s uniform is no 29; Marie Corbett, wearing her usual breeches is no 24. Source: Danehill Parish Historical Society with special thanks to Jill Rolfe.</text>
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              <text>In January 1906, the Norwegian campaigner Helga Gill (1885-1928) appeared on the platform with the Corbett family, with whom she was staying, at a local Liberal celebration of Charles Corbett’s East Grinstead General Election victory. In June 1907, Norwegian women with a certain level of income were enfranchised; Helga Gill then returned to England to work as a NUWSS organiser. This meant travelling the country, to a Worcester by-election campaign in January 1908, to Cambridge, to Littlehampton and Arundel in Sussex, and to Arbroath in Scotland. In 1909, while Lancashire organiser, with former cotton-mill worker (see) Selina Cooper, she took time out for by-elections in Edinburgh and Stratford-on-Avon, then, after a month at Cardiff, organised a by-election campaign in Mid-Derbyshire. In August 1909, she and friends undertook a NUWSS horse-drawn caravan tour to publicise the cause round the villages of Wales. A report by one of her companions quoted a rural convert: ‘If we had Miss Gill here a month, I think everyone in the county would be a Suffragist.’ Time spent in Hertfordshire, Cambridgeshire, Bedfordshire and Buckinghamshire was followed by a return to Derbyshire for the January 1910 General Election; later that year she moved on from Cumberland and Westmorland to Tunbridge Wells. Her next posting was to Oxford, the Midland Federation of NUWSS branches thanking national headquarters ‘for giving us such an efficient organiser’. ‘So many societies claim her help.’ Before embarking on a month’s NUWSS caravan tour through the Midlands in August 1911, Helga took a break at Danehill, singing with Cicely Corbett at a concert at the Horsted Keynes Congregational Hall. Like Cicely, Helga gave her occupation on the 1911 census form as ‘Suffrage Lecturer’. In January 1912, she toured Ireland for the Irishwomen’s Suffrage Federation, returning there with Cicely Corbett after a spell working in Oxfordshire, Buckinghamshire and Berkshire. In late 1912, after a NUWSS caravan tour of the Midlands and North Wales, Helga addressed meetings throughout Kent: at Bromley with Cicely Corbett, at Edenbridge with (see) Margery Corbett Ashby. Back in Oxfordshire in 1913, she frequently spoke in company with former militant Evelina Haverfield. In November 1913, in South Lanark for a by-election, Helga worked with members of the NUWSS Scottish Federation, whose secretary, Dr Elsie Inglis, was to be the founder, at the outbreak of war, of the NUWSS Scottish Women’s Hospitals. In December 1914, Helga was a member of the first Hospital Unit to leave for France, working initially in the clothing department at the hospital set up at Royaumont Abbey. She subsequently became an ambulance driver: one of the medals she was awarded was for driving under fire. After the War, Helga settled with her adopted son, a war orphan, at Woodgate Cottage. As the only woman member of the Danehill branch of the British Legion, she ran the Boys Brigade as well as taking over as secretary of the Danehill WI. When she was fatally injured by a tree falling on her car, her obituary in the Mid Sussex Times began, ‘Danehill mourns’; tributes in the Woman’s Leader were written by Margery Corbett Ashby and Millicent Garrett Fawcett. Contributed by independent researcher and writer, Frances Stenlake. Sources: Mid Sussex Times; Women’s Franchise; Common Cause; The Woman’s Leader; local newspapers from all over the country.</text>
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