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                    <text>Source: Cheltenham Chronicle and Gloucestershire Graphic, 29 April 1911.</text>
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              <text>Mrs Swiney was the mainstay of Cheltenham's NUWSS being President from its re-founding in 1896 throughout its existence. She appeared on the platforms of the local WSPU, to which she contributed money in its early years, and the WFL and was not opposed to law-breaking. This is evidenced by her census evasion in 1911 in protest at women not having the parliamentary vote. She was a respected speaker and campaigner, prepared to speak in outdoor venues and outlying villages as well as in the Town Hall for example. In 1913, she was assaulted while speaking to a crowd gathered for the arrival of the Pilgrimage in Cheltenham but, undeterred, she continued the next day to Cirencester where there was a similar attack and she had to take refuge in a nearby village. Before her marriage to Major General John Swiney, she was an aspiring painter. Four of her six children were born in India where she had also been born but the family settled in Cheltenham in the late 1870s. She was a supporter of the Eugenics Society, the Ethical movement and the Theosophical Society and was Vice-Chairman of the local Food and Health Reform Society. Researcher/writer Sue Jones author of 'Votes for Women: Cheltenham and the Cotswolds' (The History Press, 2018).</text>
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                    <text>Florence Earengey and her daughter. Source: Cheltenham Chronicle and Gloucestershire Graphic, 3 December 1910.</text>
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                    <text>Source: The National Archives.</text>
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              <text>Born How, Florence was the daughter of John How, a wealthy grocer and tea dealer. She was educated at the North London Collegiate School and matriculated with a Univerity of London B.A. She married a local Cheltenham solicitor, William Earengey in 1899 and they had one daughter, Oenone. Initially a supporter of the NUWSS, she was then a member of the short-lived Cheltenham WSPU and in 1907 was its representative to the local MP. But when her sister, (see) Edith How-Martyn, led the national breakaway from the Pankhursts' grip on the WSPU and was one of the founders of the WFL, Florence followed suit. From 1908 she led the local branch which became a small but tightly-knit group. A woman with a 'bubbling electric personality' and 'magnetism and drive' according to her grandson, she inspired much admiration. She was at the forefront of the Cheltenham census boycott, her husband having advised the national WFL and her sister on the legalities involved. Both she and her daughter evaded the census, probably with her devoted domestic servant Rose. Her husband wrote a statement on the census return to indicate their absence. He had always been an active supporter of the cause and became President of nearby Winchcombe NUWSS. Researcher/writer Sue Jones author of 'Votes for Women: Cheltenham and the Cotswolds' (The History Press, 2018).</text>
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                    <text>Lilian's Holloway Prison badge. Source: ebay.</text>
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              <text>Lilian Borovikovski(y) (nee Prust) was a member of the WFL and was Cheltenham's first women's suffrage prisoner. In February 1909, she was arrested with seven others in a 'raid on the Commons', was charged with obstructing the police and declined to be bound over or pay sureties. She was sentenced to one month in Holloway prison but was released after two weeks. It is unclear whether this was because she went on hunger-strike. On her return to Cheltenham, the WFL branch presented her with a Holloway badge and two books. In 1912, she became Honorary Secretary of the branch. At the age of 22, Lilian Prust had married Sergei Alexandrovitch Borovikovsky. In the marriage register, he was described as a 'Noble Minister of Finance' at St. Petersburg and his father was a 'senator'. A son Sergei was born in 1904. Lilian's arrival in Cheltenham in March 1911 from a trip to Russia is recorded but she never seems to have lived there for any length of time and it is not known how she met her husband. As she does not appear on the census in 1911 and yet was in England, it is assumed that she evaded. She died in Gloucester Mental Hospital in 1926, by then a widow. Researcher/writer Sue Jones author of 'Votes for Women: Cheltenham and the Cotswolds' (The History Press, 2018).</text>
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                    <text>Source: Cheltenham Chronicle and Gloucestershire Graphic, 19 Dec 1931.</text>
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                    <text>Emmeline and her husband Edward evaded but were recorded on the census by surname only at their nearby friend Charlotte Bardsley's Guesthouse at 'Snowden'. Source: The National Archives.</text>
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              <text>Emmeline Wilkins was married to a retired stockbroker, (see) Edward Wilkins, and they had two sons. They had lived in Cheltenham since the late 1880s and had founded the Vegetarian Society there in the early 1990s (possibly also the Anti-Vivisection Society). Emmeline appeared as the NUWSS representative in a 1907 delegation to the local MP but became a member of the WFL when it was set up in the town. She appeared on its platform a number of times, most notably at a rowdy meeting in the Town Hall in 1908 when the national leaders, Charlotte Despard and Teresa Billington-Greig, were attacked by heckling opponents. In 1911, both she and her husband were probably living at 'Glenroy' - now in Sydenham Villa's Road - but evaded the census and were listed by name only by the enumerator at a Food Reform Guesthouse (see image) &#13;
 down the road where they seemed to have spent periods of time, together with its proprietor (see) Charlotte Bardsley (also a WFL activist). Researcher/contributor: Sue Jones author of 'Votes for Women: Cheltenham and the Cotswolds' (The History Press, 2018).</text>
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                    <text>The committee rooms Elvira is reported to have 'dressed'. Source: Gloucester Citizen 28 April 1911.</text>
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              <text>Miss Elvira Stirling and her mother Frances were supporters of the WSPU, apparently recruited when the WSPU organiser, Ada Flatman, arrived in Cheltenham in early 1911 to set up a local branch. Both were galvanised by activities in the spring of 1911 when a campaign for a by-election at the end of April coincided with the local and a national campaign for votes for women supporters to take part in the census boycott. Miss Elvira is reported to have 'dressed' the committee-room window (see image) in a prominent position in the High Street. Elvira and her mother's statement across the census form (see image) plus their details constitutes a form of resistance to the government census. Elvira's mother was a Canadian whose British husband was involved in various businesses in both countries before finally settling in Canada as a fruit farmer. Four of their five living children were born there and the whole family moved back there in 1913. Researched and contributed by Sue Jones author of 'Votes for Women: Cheltenham and the Cotswolds' (The History Press, 2018).</text>
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              <text>Frances Stirling and her daughter (see) Elvira Stirling were supporters of the WSPU from 1911 when a local branch was set up by Ada Flatman. Frances gave 1 gn. to their funds in the year 1911-12 and took part in the boycott of the government census that year along with her daughter Elvira. Frances declares that the census form 'is filled in through the magnanimity of a suffragette' in the hope that just legislation for women will soon be forthcoming - qualifying the two women as census resisters (see image). In common with a number of local supporters, Frances Stirling later joined the CUWFA and in 1912 signed the presentation to the Conservative MP under that organisation's heading. It is not known whether this was because she became disillusioned with WSPU tactics or whether she maintained dual allegiance. Frances was Canadian and four of her five living children with her British born husband were born there. In 1913, the whole family returned to Canada. Researcher/contributor: Sue Jones author of 'Votes for Women: Cheltenham and the Cotswolds' (The History Press, 2018).</text>
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                    <text>Edward and his wife Emmeline evaded but were recorded on the census by surname only at their nearby friend Charlotte Bardsley's Guesthouse, 'Snowden'. Source: The National Archives.</text>
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              <text>Edward Wilkins was a stockbroker and had two sons with his wife (see) Emmeline Wilkins a WFL member. Edward supported the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies (NUWSS) but seems to have taken part in the suffrage boycott of the census in 1911 with his wife. The two, who were probably residing at 'Glenroy' in what is now Sydenham Villas Road in 1911, evaded at a local Food Reform Guesthouse run by a WFL member (see) Charlotte Bardsley at 'Snowden', Sydenham Villas - now 56 London Road, Cheltenham. Researcher/contributor: Sue Jones author of 'Votes for Women: Cheltenham and the Cotswolds' (The History Press, 2018).</text>
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                    <text>Charlotte Bardsley is centre. Source: Cheltenham Chronicle and Gloucestershire Graphic, 10 December 1910.</text>
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                    <text>Charlotte advertised her guesthouse in the Cheltenham Chronicle and other local newspapers regularly from 1909-1916.</text>
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              <text>Charlotte was born in Lancashire on the 3 June 1861, the daughter of a fairly successful corn miller and flour merchant. Until the census of 1901, she appeared to have lived at home, with no recorded occupation, but in 1901 she was resident at Anstey College as a cookery teacher. It is likely that in this 'hotbed' of feminism she imbibed her radical ideas. Her next appearance in the records is as the proprietress of a small Food Reform guesthouse in Cheltenham at 'Snowdon' in London Road. In the period before World War I, she belonged to the NUWSS and WFL in Cheltenham and strengthened the already strong vegetarian movement in the town. She hosted meetings at Snowdon and appeared in the December 1910 election campaign under the WFL banner. Miss Bardsley has been classed a census resister because she remained at her guesthouse where she sheltered local evaders (see) Dr. and Mrs Wilkins on census night - as recorded by the enumerator.  However, it is possible Charlotte meant to evade but her details, and that of her guests, were given by 'helpful' neighbours as happened on occasion. For a short while, she seems to have had Mrs Norah Turbervill, another WFL supporter, as joint proprietor although the latter was not noted by the enumerator. Advertisements for Snowdon disappear after 1916 and Miss Bardsley reappears instead in Redhill, Surrey in the early 1920s and as a proprietress of another small Vegetarian guest-house. She was elected President of the new Vegetarian Society as well as being involved in theosophy, another movement strong among women's suffrage supporters in Cheltenham. Charlotte died in Reigate in 1940 where she was living with her sister Ruth. Researched and contributed by Sue Jones author of 'Votes for Women: Cheltenham and the Cotswolds' (The History Press, 2018).&#13;
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                    <text>Later in 1911, Ethel resided at The Cloisters, Hereford Cathedral. Source: Clare Wichbold.</text>
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              <text>7 Castle Street, Hereford.</text>
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              <text>Ethel Scott was born in Surrey in 1865, the daughter of Reverend Thomas Scott, vicar of Penge, and his wife Louisa. Ethel married George Herbert Davis in 1891 when he was still working as a solicitor; he had been lodging with the Scott family prior to their marriage. Whilst living at 7 Castle Street and later in 1911, at 7 The Cloisters, Hereford Cathedral, Ethel was Secretary to the WSPU in Hereford. Ethel is nowhere to be found on the 1911 Census, although her husband (see) George Davis complied. However, two of her children are with the family of Bertha Ryland, a census evader in Birmingham and so it may be that Ethel was hiding out there. She was involved in local activism and militancy in the city and beyond, selling the Votes for Women newspaper and organising and chairing suffrage meetings. The couple had five children, with Molly, the youngest, accompanying her mother whilst campaigning. Ethel worked closely with Ada Flatman, local organiser for the WSPU, and was instrumental in a campaign in 1912 to have Votes for Women on the reading table at Hereford Library. When the campaign failed, the WSPU, led by Ethel and Ada, took a stall at the annual May Fair, selling copies of the newspaper and “dainty handmade articles”. Ethel wrote in support of the 1913 campaign by Ursula Roberts for the ordination of women. She attended court to protest about the treatment of women during sexual abuse cases, and was ejected from the Shire Hall Crown Court on at least one occasion in 1915.  Ethel became an advocate of birth control and hosted Stella Browne and Doris Stevens in the late 1920s whilst living at St Weonard’s Vicarage in Herefordshire where Ethel and George had moved to in 1917. The couple eventually retired to Sherborne in Dorset, where she died in 1948. Contributed by Herefordshire community fundraiser, Clare Wichbold, MBE.</text>
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                    <text>7 The Cloisters, Hereford where George and his family moved to later in 1911. Source: Clare Wichbold.</text>
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          <description>The age of this person at the time of the 1911 UK Census</description>
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              <text>George Herbert Davis was born in Wandsworth in 1864. He qualified as a solicitor in 1888 and practiced for a number of years. Whilst working in London he lodged with the Scott family in Penge, and married Ethel Scott in 1891. George subsequently became a vicar, gaining his BA at Oxford University in 1902, and his MA in 1904 at St Stephen’s House, Oxford. He worked in various parishes, including in Rochester, St Paul Newington, St Saviour Saltley, and became a Minor Canon and Assistant Vicar Choral at Hereford Cathedral in 1911. He completed the 1911 Census and was described as a boarder at 7 Castle Street in Hereford. His wife (see) Ethel is absent and likely evading. The family soon moved to 7 The Cloisters, a set of 15th century buildings where the Vicars Choral all lodged. Reverend Davis was a prominent member of the Church League for Women's Suffrage, campaigning across the country. He also shared a platform with speakers at WSPU meetings including Mrs Pankhurst and Annie Kenney. He was listed as one of the clergy members in the January 1912 CLWS newspaper. He wrote many articles and letters for the CLWS, and continued his involvement with the publication into the 1920s when it became the Church Militant. In August 1913 he was part of the clergy deputation to Downing Street and was turned away from seeing Prime Minister about the Cat and Mouse Act, describing the Act as “a dastardly caricature of justice”. He also campaigned to protect the rights of women from sexual abuse, and wrote extensively on this, including a review of Christabel Pankhurst’s book, “The Great Scourge” in The Suffragette newspaper on 16 January 1914. He was made vicar of St Weonards in Herefordshire in 1917, and he and Ethel remained there until 1931. Subsequently he held various office posts in diocesan offices in London and Salisbury, finally retiring to Sherborne in 1939. He predeceased Ethel by just over eighteen months, dying in April 1947. Contributed by Herefordshire community fundraiser Clare Wichbold, MBE.</text>
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