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              <text>Originally from Solihull, Edith Chattaway married in 1902, Cyril White, secretary of the Coventry motor engineering company White and Poppe, co-founded by his brother and managing director Alfred White. Edith was active in founding the Coventry Women's Suffrage Society (part of the larger law abiding NUWSS) alongside her sister in law (see) Marie White. The two hosted local meetings for the NUWSS leading to the formation of a provisional Coventry committee in 1909 with Edith acting as treasurer. She also held meetings for the formal inauguration of the Coventry branch at her home in 1910. Seldom absent from society meetings throughout the campaign, by 1914 Edith had become its vice president. During the First World War, she was instrumental in setting up Infant Welfare Centres across the city and was also secretary for the Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) in Coventry helping run a local shop for donations. Researcher: Tara Morton. Coventry research funded by Warwick University.&#13;
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                    <text>The inaugural meeting of the CWSS hosted by Marie at home in 1909. Source: The Common Cause, 23 Dec, 1909.</text>
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              <text>Marie's husband Alfred White was co-founder and managing director of White and Poppes (Drake Street) a large motor engineering firm in Coventry that became renowned arms manufacturers during the Great War. Marie played a central role in founding the Coventry Women's Suffrage Society (CWSS) - the local branch of the law abiding NUWSS - by inviting and hosting a meeting for the latter in Coventry in 1909 from which a preliminary Coventry committee was formed. At the beginning of 1910, the CWSS was officially founded with Marie acting as literature secretary. Afterwards, she hosted a series of follow up meetings and 'at homes' at St. Gilgen often with her sister in law (see) Edith White helping the Coventry Society grow in its early years. Marie seems to have been most comfortable as a facilitator rather than as a speaker, but was ever present throughout the campaign. She was an avid supporter of Coventry and District Nursing Association and numerous children's welfare charities. In 1920, she left Coventry for a time to work in the Tyrol, Austria, for Coventry's Save the Children and Famine Relief Fund. Researcher: Tara Morton. Coventry research funded by Warwick University.&#13;
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                    <text>Source: Google maps, 2019.</text>
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                    <text>Source: The National Archives.</text>
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                    <text>Selina (Mrs Samuel Bright) at a London meeting for women's suffrage alongside Millicent Fawcett and others in 1878. Source: The Daily News, July, 1878.</text>
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              <text>Selina Bright was a pioneer of the women's suffrage movement. Born in London in 1833, Selina spent most of her life in Rochdale, Lancashire, where she married her husband Samuel Bright. Samuel was the business partner and brother of John Bright (industrial cotton manufacturer as well as a Manchester and later Birmingham MP) and of Jacob Bright, a radical Liberal M.P. who helped formulate the first organised women's suffrage petition handed to parliament in 1866 by John Stuart Mill, M.P. The couple had three children all of whom sadly died in infancy. Marrying into the Bright family put Selina at the heart of social and political reform politics of the day. In 1878, she attended a meeting of the Central Committee for the National Society for Women's Suffrage and was likey a member of this early suffrage society. Others in attendance included Millicent Fawcett future leader of the large and law abiding National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies (NUWSS) which had yet to form in 1897. The Bright's had ties to Coventry and likely settled in the city in the 1860s where Selina stayed after her husband's untimely death in 1873 although she travelled frequently. Selina became vice-president of the Coventry and District Women's Liberal Association and later president of the Coventry Women's Suffrage Society (CWSS) which officially formed in 1910 as the local branch of the NUWSS. In 1911, we find her living in Warwick Row with two servants. As a law abiding suffragist, she did not take part in the suffragette boycott of the 1911 government census but instead complied. Selina worked tirelessley for the CWSS until ill health began to effect her role as president forcing her to miss numerous meetings. She subsequently died at her Coventry home in October 1917 aged 86, a year before the Representation of the People Act was passed which gave some qualified women over 30 the vote. Annette Iliffe (see) took over her role as President of the CWSS. Selina was known for her good works in Coventry and in her will left funds to many local charities including the Coventry Warwickshire Hospital Convalescent Fund, Coventry and District Nursing Institution and St Faith's Friendless Girls Institution. Selina is buried with her husband Samuel in Lancashire Cemetery alongside their three children. Researcher: Tara Morton. Coventry research funded by Warwick University.</text>
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                    <text>Harriet Collington in later life. Source: The Midland Daily Telegraph, 11 March, 1937.</text>
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                    <text>Source: The National Archives.</text>
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                    <text>Harriet shares her opinion on the effect of actions by the 'militant' suffragettes whom her sister Dr. Catherine Arnott supported. Source: The Coventry Herald, July 1913.</text>
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              <text>Harriet was born in 1860 in India to British parents. Her father Sir Frances Arnott, was surgeon-general and honorary surgeon to Queen Victoria. By 1911, she had been married to her husband, a medical practioner, for 17 years. The couple had four children and had settled in Coventry at the turn of the twentieth century. Harriet was active in the Coventry Women's Suffrage Society (CWSS) - a local branch of the large and law abiding National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies (NUWSS) - from its earliest days and performed a variety of roles including as speaker and as chairman of its committee. Harriet's husband was fully supportive of her campaigning for female suffrage, a passion she also shared with her elder sister (see) Dr. Catherine Arnott. However, the two sisters disagreed over suffrage tactics. Harriet was a suffragist committed to law abiding methods of campaigning whereas her sister Catherine was a sufffragette joining the WSPU. Harriet was publicy critical of the suffragette tactics her sister supported stating that 'militants were doing a certain amount to turn people away' from the votes for women cause by 'annoying' them. Harriet argued it was imperative that the peaceful work of 'quiet women' should continue. However, the two sisters remained on good terms and hosted some suffrage 'at home' gatherings together. Harriet also took part in several mass meetings and rallies held in London and was often seen in Coventry selling suffrage literature in the Broadgate area of the city. In 1914, she joined a joint deputation made up of the CWSS and the Conservative and Unionist Women's Franchise Association (CUWFA) of which she may also have been a member. The aim of the deputation was to go and see the prospective Conservative and Unionist Party candidate for Coventry, Edward Manville, to press him to support the votes for women cause. In later years, Harriet was one of the founders of the Coventry Women's Club and - as a staunch Conservative - of the Coventry Conservative Children's League which was later appropriated by Conservative Central Office becoming the 'Young Britons'. Harriet also served as a Justice of the Peace in Coventry for several years. In 1930, she and her husband (who was a member of Coventry City Council) retired and moved to Scotland where Harriet died aged 77 in 1937. Researcher: Tara Morton. Coventry research funded by Warwick University.</text>
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                    <text>Catherine makes a public speech in Market Square. Source: The Coventry Herald, October, 1913.</text>
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              <text>Dr. Catherine Arnott was born in 1858, and was elder sister to Coventry suffragist (see) Harriet Collington. She was a physician and surgeon and spent a number of years living and studying in Ireland at the Royal University of Ireland. She  seems to have moved back to England when offered a position as assistant medical officer at Lancaster County Asylum in 1894. In contrast to her law abiding suffragist sibling Harriet, Catherine became a member of the suffragette WSPU although when she joined is unclear. Catherine is absent from the 1911 census records so, she may already have been with the WSPU and taking part in the suffragette boycott of the census that year in protest at not having the vote. Some suffragettes 'evaded' the census which may explain her absence from the record. By 1913 Catherine had become Press and Honorary Secretary of the WSPU's Coventry branch and chaired regular public meetings often held in the city's Market Square. Public speaking for the vote was a brave undertaking as women were often jeered and sometimes physically assaulted by people in the crowd or passers-by. In one public speech, she made clear her reasons for campaigning stating that, 'Without the vote there could be no real improvement in the conditions of this country. Women did not want the vote for the pleasure and excitement of going to the polling booth once every five years; they wanted it to ameliorate the conditions of men, women and children' (Coventry Herald, Oct 10 and 11, 1913, p12). Several locations are given for Catherine during the campign years: 'Beech Brae' and 71 Berry Street where she is located on our map (this property may have been owned by her sister Harriet and husband) and in 1914, an office for suffrage 'at homes' located at no. 1 Holyhead Road. In later years, Catherine became an expert in the treatment of tuberculosis and ran the Eastby Sanatorium in Bradford, Leeds. Afterwards, she moved with her sister Harriet and brother in law to Kirkconnel Hall in Ecclefechan, Scotland. Catherine died in 1942 aged 84. Researcher: Tara Morton. Coventry research funded by Warwick University.</text>
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                    <text>Annie served Coventry as a Councillor for many years. Source: Midland Daily Telegraph, 7 July, 1938.</text>
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              <text>Annie was born in Portsmouth in 1874 and was a member of the law abiding Coventry Women's Suffrage Society - the local branch of the law abiding NUWSS. In 1911, we find her living in Nicholls Street with her husband John a draughstman engineer in a local armament works. Clearly, Annie maintained a life long passion for politics and she gains prominence in Coventry affairs in the 1920s and 1930s. She became involved with the War Pensions Committee and was the appointed representative of the Coventry Railway Women's Guild. In 1929, she wrote an article in the The Daily Herald rebuking criticism of married women working for 'pin money' thus undercutting men's wages stating that 'until the mother is provided by the state with sufficient to give her children proper conditions of life, no-one has a right to interfere with what she shall do'. In 1934, Annie stood for the Labour Party in a Coventry by- election that took place when a seat became vacant in the Hillfield's ward. She won by a considerable margin and became Councillor for Hillfields for several years. Annie was also a member of the Women's Cooperative Guild who she staunchly defended in the local press in 1938 when they were criticised for the wearing and selling of the white poppies of pacifism. She died aged 76 in 1950. Researcher: Tara Morton. Coventry research funded by Warwick University.</text>
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                    <text>Source: The Birmingham Daily Mail, 31 August, 1911.</text>
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              <text>Percy E T Widdrington was born in Southampton in 1873. He was educated at Oxford, became a socialist, and was instrumental in starting the first Fabian Society at the university. Ordained in 1897, he went to work in the deprived district of St. Philips, Newcastle, where he remained for just over four years. He was prominent during that time in the Great Engineers Strike in Tyneside. Also in 1897, he married Enid Stacy a well respected socialist and touring suffrage lecturer and the two supported each each other in their reform work. The couple had a son Gerard in 1902. The family then moved to Calderbrook near Rochdale where sadly, in 1903, Edith died suddenly whilst working for the socialist cause in Littleborough near Rochdale - presumably of a heart attack - aged just 44 years old. Subsequently, Percy relocated to Halton near Lancaster where he spent three years as curate. He was well respected there by the working class community for his efforts to improve their lives and represent their interests, and started a fellowship in the village promoting the socialist and Christian message that spread into Lancaster. Always outspoken, Percy openly challenged the distinction between church and politics and was described as a socialist of deep rooted conviction as well as a man of personal charm and eloquence. He made a significant public impact when he moved to Coventry in 1906, having been appointed to the city's St Peter's Church. Percy quickly became a prominent figure in Coventry's women's suffrage movement, regularly speaking at suffrage meetings as well as hosting them, and publicly championing all aspects of the cause including suffragette militancy. For instance, he held a special welcome reception for local suffragette (see) Alice Lea at St Peter's vicarage after her release from one month in Holloway prison in 1908. In defence of her actions he said of the WSPU: ‘it was a society of extremists who were going to get what they wanted and were going to use strong means to get what they wanted… there were and had been 'heaps' of ladylike societies … but until the WSPU came along the women’s movement did not count in English political life’. He then roundly encouraged other Coventry women to follow Alice's example. Men could not formally join the WSPU but because of Percy's consistent support for it and facilitation of its members and meetings, we have denoted him as a WSPU campaigner. In April 1911, the census records Percy at St. Peter's vicarage with his son and a visitor Joseph Clayton. Clayton was an author, journalist and Christian socialist, whose wife was a member of the 'suffragette' society the Women's Freedom League (WFL). Clayton had been arrested for the cause in 1909 when taking part in a deputation to see the Prime Minister over the question of women's suffrage. In August 1911, Percy married his second wife and joint secretary of the WSPU Coventry branch, Miss Helen Dawson in Cornwall. The tabloid headlines read 'Socialist Vicar weds suffragette'!. Helen was originally from Calderbrook where Percy had previously worked, so it's likely the two met prior to his moving to Coventry. At the end of the War in 1918 of which Percy was openly critical, he relocated to Chelmsford, St Peter's church being taken over by his brother in law from his first marriage to Edith, the Rev. Paul Stacy. Percy was less in the public eye in later years and died in Lichfield in 1959. Researcher: Tara Morton. Coventry research funded by Warwick University.&#13;
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              <text>Miss Helen Dawson was joint secretary of the Coventry WSPU branch with (see) Alice Lea which the two seemed to have been instrumental in founding. Helen appears to have been from Lancashire originally and had spent at least some of her life in Calderbrook near Rochdale where she likely came into contact with her future husband (see) the Rev. Percy Widdrington. In 1908, Helen was caught chalking advertisements for a WSPU meeting on local pavements including outside the Baths Assembley Hall along with Alice Lea. The two women were reportedly 'drenched' by water poured from the windows above on one street  ruining their clothes and washing away their chalked pavement slogans. Undaunted and in retaliation, Helen and Alice 'promptly chalked the steps instead'. Helen lived at 20 Northumberland Road for some time in 1911 likely as a boarder, but seems to be absent from the 1911 census. As a suffragette, she may have been 'evading' the government survey as part of a wider and orchestrated boycott of it by some women in protest at not having a vote. However, we do know that by September 1911, she was living with and married to the votes for women supporting and campaigning local vicar (see) Rev. Percy Widdrington at St. Peter's vicarage. Helen had already been using the vicarage as a postal address for some of her suffrage activities as early as 1909 and the couple had married by August 1911 in Cornwall. In true tabloid style, the headline in the Birmingham Mail read: 'Socialist Vicar Weds Suffragette'. In 1918, they relocated to Essex. Researcher: Tara Morton. Coventry research funded by Warwick University.</text>
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                    <text>Source: The National Archives.</text>
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                    <text>Annette holds a Votes for Women meeting at Allesley House. Source: The Coventry Herald, August, 1911.</text>
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                    <text>Annette's husband William Isaac Iliffe who died in 1917. Source: The National Trust Collection.</text>
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              <text>Annette (nee Coker) was born in Guernsey and spent much of her married life in Coventry before moving to the village of Allesley. She was married to newspaper proprietor William Iliffe founder of the Midland Daily Telegraph and numerous motoring journals. He later became a Justice of the Peace in Coventry. Annette belonged to the Coventry Women's Suffrage Society (CWSS) the local branch of the NUWSS, and by the time of the 1911 census had moved to Allesley. There at her home, Allesley House, she held a Votes for Women meeting with guest speakers Mrs Ring and Mrs Reed from Birmingham. In 1914, Annette became Vice president of the CWSS and was elected President in 1918 due to the death of (see) Mrs Selina Bright. Annette was also an active member of the Ladies Visiting Committee of the Meriden Union between 1909 and and 1921 and was also involved with the Coventry Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) of which she was vice-president from 1914. Annette's husband was fully supportive of her local social and poktical activities and upon his death in 1917, he bequeathed properties he owned to the Coventry YWCA including the Sherbourne House Hostel which both he and Annette had been active in rennovating. Annette died on the 27th June 1931 aged 82 and her funeral was well attended. She was much loved in Alleseley having added electricity in her husband's memory to the local parish church and a new wing to the Parish room as a contribution to the Allesley War Memorial. She left three children including her son Sir Edward Iliffe who became Conservative M.P for Tamworth. Researcher: Tara Morton. Coventry research funded by Warwick University.</text>
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                <text>Annette Illife</text>
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                    <text>Charlotte Iliffe in 1937. Source: The National Portrait Gallery.</text>
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                    <text>Charlotte &amp; Edward Iliffe in 1937. Source: The National Portrait Gallery.</text>
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                    <text>Edward speaks out in favour of votes for women on the same terms as men. Source: The Herald, 10 March, 1928,</text>
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              <text>Charlotte (born in Liverpool, Lancashire) married Edward Mauger Iliffe, director of the Iliffe publishing company and son of William Iliffe, the newspaper proprieter whose wife (see) Annette Iliffe was also active in the votes for women movement. Charlotte along with her mother in law Annette, was a member of the Coventry Women's Suffrage Society (CWSS) a local branch of the NUWSS. She was ever present at local suffrage meetings and with her husband Edward, was also active for the Coventry and Warwickshire Hospital (Edward was Chairman of the hospital board) and with the local branch of the NSPCC. During the First World War, Charlotte helped with the Serbian Refugee Fund while Edward worked for the Ministry of Munitions. He later became Conservative MP for Tamworth and Warwickshire and spoke in that role in the 1920s in support of extending votes or women to the same terms as men (finally achieved in 1928). He went on to become President of the British Chamber of Commerce; was knighted in 1922; and made a Lord in 1929. That year he resigned his seat as Conservative MP stating that his action was taken 'from a sense of public duty'. During those years, the couple lived at Allesley Hall, near Coventry, and remained active charity workers. They later moved to Berkshire in retirement. Charlotte (then Dowager Lady Iliffe) was widowed in 1960 and died at home at Yattendon Court, Berkshire in 1987 aged 95. The couple had a son and a daughter the former being made an Alderman of Coventry in 1969. Researcher: Tara Morton. Coventry research funded by Warwick University.</text>
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